Abstract
An apparatus was developed for testing the extinction efficiency of a solid powder in a coflowing nonpremixed flame. Extinction measurements were performed by adding agent quasistatically to the oxidizer stream until flame extinction was observed. The concentration of powder agent was monitored by laser transmission. Extinction measurements were performed on flames burning both liquids and gases using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) powder as the extinguishing agent. For comparison, extinction measurements were also conducted using the gaseous agents, CF 3 Br (halon 1301) and N 2 . Tests were conducted using a number of fuels including heptane, two jet fuels (JP-8 and JP-5), two hydraulic fluids (83282 and 5606), as well as propane. The agent extinction requirements for the two small particle sizes tested here were highly similar. The results showed that on average, NaHCO 3 was three times more effective than CF 3 Br and five times more effective than N 2 on a mass basis in extinguishing flames burning the various fuels. An estimate of agent behavior based on the effectiveness of inert N 2 showed that whereas CF 3 Br acted primarily through chemical kinetic effects, only half of the effectiveness of NaHCO 3 could be attributed to kinetics.
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