Abstract
The potential of modified multiwallcd carbon nanotubes, as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of zinc and thallium has been investigated. Zinc and thallium were adsorbed quantitatively onto modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes in the pH range of 3 - 6.5. Parameters influencing the simultaneous preconcentration of Zn(II) and Tl(I) ions such as pH of the sample, sample and eluent flow rate, type and volume of elution solution and interfering ions, have been examined and optimized. Linearity was maintained between 0.1 to 20.0 μg?mL–1 for thallium and 20.0 ng?mL–1 to 5.0 μg?mL–1 for zinc in the final solution. The defection limits based on three times the standard deviation of the blank signal (n = 8) for thallium and zinc were 5.1 and 1.4 ng?mL–1, respectively. Seven replicate determination of a mixture of 5.0 and 0.2 μg?mL–1 of thallium and zinc in the final solution gave a mean absorbance of 0.085 and 0.074 with relative standard deviation 1.5% and 1.7%, respectively. The method has been applied for the determination of trace amounts of zinc and thallium in biological and water sample with satisfactory results.
Highlights
The major increase in the use of toxic elements has resulted in high concentration of metals in aquatic systems
Preconcentration is widely applied in a number method such as: flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
The aim of the described research was to develop a sorbent for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of thallium and zinc
Summary
The major increase in the use of toxic elements has resulted in high concentration of metals in aquatic systems. There are numerous sources of industrial effluents leading to heavy metal discharges apart from the mining and metal related industries [1,2,3]. Because of their toxicity and non biodegradable nature, metals are of special significance. Direct determination of metals in seawater samples by atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is not always possible due to matrix interferences and the very low concentrations of metal ions [4]. Preconcentration step improves detection limit and enables analyte determination at trace concentrations [5]. Apart from preconcentration, separation of an analyte from the matrix is frequently needed as it reduces interference effect by simplifying the sample matrix [6,7,8,9]
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