Abstract
Flame and turbulence interactions have been examined in a four-stroke spark ignition engine, which was fuelled with propane with a nominal equivalence ratio of 0.9 and operated at 1000 rpm. The flame development was visualised with an intensified CCD camera and gas velocities in the combustion chamber were measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. An ionisation probe and piezoelectric transducer located in the cylinder head measured flame propagation and in-cylinder pressure respectively. The initial spherical shape of the flame kernel is shown to be distorted gradually by large scale turbulence from the expanding burned gas so that the front became increasingly corrugated before reaching the cylinder wall. Cyclic variations of the flame geometry increased correspondingly in the later stages of combustion and increased the ensemble averaged rms of velocity fluctuations in front of flame, especially at locations far from the spark plug; conditional averaging according to the flame arrival at the measuring location reduced this effect considerably.
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