FLAGSHIP UNIVERSITIES AS CENTERS OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

In economic science, the importance of researching technological entrepreneurship, its contribution to the economic development of the territory, is increasing. According to the statistics of the international indexed databases Scopus and WOS, the publication activity of researchers studying the issues of technology entrepreneurship in the economic direction increased by 111.5% and 122%, respectively. Thus, the issue of studying the specifics of the development of technological entrepreneurship is relevant. At the same time, the study of the experience of foreign countries, where significant attention is paid to the development of technological entrepreneurship, both at the state level and in the commercial sector, is of particular importance for domestic practice.
 The purpose of the study is to prove, based on the study of foreign experience, the prospects for the development of technological entrepreneurship as a tool for accelerated economic growth and a way to attract investment for the development of a territory.
 The article examines foreign experience in the development of technological entrepreneurship. The analysis of foreign cases of technological entrepreneurship development is presented. On the basis of the analysis, the directions of technological entrepreneurship in foreign countries are systematized. Successful cases of technological entrepreneurship have been researched and systematized. The main characteristics of technology entrepreneurship abroad are identified based on the consideration of specific practical cases, which is especially important from the point of view of evidence of the effectiveness of this tool in managing the development of technological entrepreneurship.
 The research materials will be useful for scientists and specialists to study the experience of foreign and cases on technological entrepreneurship, and can also be used by government and administrative bodies at the federal and regional levels in the development of target-oriented documents in the field of SME development and management of socio-economic development in general.

<p>Development of technological entrepreneurship is one of the strategic priorities of Russia's core universities. A number of universities in the country have already accumulated a certain experience in teaching technology entrepreneurship. Formation of basic universities as centers of strategic development of the region and its single-industry towns requires the development of new approaches to training in technological entrepreneurship. The article deals with the mechanism of constructing an innovative ecosystem that promotes the formation of entrepreneurial competencies in the students of the supporting university. The research is based on the case of the Kemerovo region and features the main characteristics and tasks of the system of teaching technological entrepreneurship in its flagship university, taking into account<br />the strategy and key problems of the region. The paper reveals the key features of teaching technological entrepreneurship in regions with a predominance of mono-profile municipal entities. It introduces potential directions of development of technological entrepreneurial initiatives related to overcoming the mono-dependence of the cities of the Kemerovo region. The results can be used in teaching technological entrepreneurship for the benefit of single-industry towns, as well as in compiling municipal order for educational services.</p>

Aim. The work aimed to reveal the role of acceleration programs in the development of technological entrepreneurship based on a comparison with other forms of support for technological entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation (RF).Objectives. The work seeks to identify the differences between acceleration programs and other forms of support, to characterize the methods of support for technological entrepreneurs used by business incubators, private venture investors and venture funds, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of these forms of support and to determine the role of acceleration programs in the development of technological entrepreneurship in Russia.Methods. The author used a systems approach, logical and comparative analysis to identify the key aspects of acceleration programs and their role in technological entrepreneurship. The intersections between the methods of assistance of various participants in the innovative support infrastructure in Russia are also analyzed.Results. Acceleration programs were established to have the widest range of support methods for startups. Unlike private investors, venture funds or business incubators that focus on individual types of support, the accelerator approach represents an entire ecosystem focused on training and development that helps innovative companies accelerate their growth processes, bring new technologies to market, attract investment, and transfer to a new stage. The analysis results were used to prepare an expanded comparative classification of methods of such forms of support for innovation infrastructure as acceleration programs, business incubators, private venture investors, and venture funds. It was revealed that, on average, the methods of assistance of acceleration programs overlap with the methods of assistance of other structures by 34.4 %.Conclusions. Acceleration programs represent a unique combination of services contributing to acceleration of the startup development. Accelerators, being a part of the state innovation infrastructure for supporting technology entrepreneurs, can also be presented as an infrastructure that provides access to tracking, mentoring, financing, expert support and networking. Accelerators not only accelerate the growth of economic indicators of startups, but also generate new skills, change the way of thinking, and create an innovative environment in society that promotes the development of technological entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. In order to implement the scientific and theoretical potential of acceleration programs, it is required to analyze their methodology, existing classifications, and the effectiveness of the programs at the national and international levels in more detail. A comprehensive analysis based on empirical data and an interdisciplinary approach will help create more effective strategies for supporting and developing technological entrepreneurs, as well as adapt acceleration methods to the characteristics and needs of the Russian market.

Today, in order to develop the innovation and technology sector in Kazakhstan, work is underway to create favorable conditions for the development of technological entrepreneurship. The development of technopreneurship implies the existence an effective national innovation system transforming new knowledge into new technologies, products, and services. The volume of innovative products is declining; one of the main reasons is the lack of connection between science and production. Innovative entrepreneurship is underdeveloped, hence technological entrepreneurship is underdeveloped. Innovative passivity is 89.5% that is the result of internal and external factors. In the scientific community, most studies focus on external factors, but in this study, the authors recommend paying attention to the importance of in-depth study of internal factors (personal experience and cultural characteristics). The purpose of the scientific article is to identify problems and prospects for the development of technological entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To conduct the study, the authors used the method of descriptive statistics, based on data from the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors applied basic statistical procedures for data analysis, analysis of basic statistics and logical analysis. The key aspects of the development of technological entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan, highlighted by the authors, are the development of innovative ties, the knowledge economy and high-tech production. Thus, the article analyzes the level of development and factors hindering the development of technological entrepreneurship and offers recommendations that contribute to their minimization.

Introduction. Resisting the external constraints of the domestic economy and achieving high economic growth rates is impossible without focusing on innovative development and technological independence. In this regard, the development of technological entrepreneurship at the regional and state levels is an important task to achieve economic security of Russia. Goal. To show the prospects and obstacles for the development of technological entrepreneurship in Russia at the present stage. Materials and methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of information on the state of technological entrepreneurship development in Russia as a whole and in individual regions, as well as a systematic analysis of areas of support for this type of business. Results and discussion. In the course of the work, the existing prerequisites and favorable conditions for the development of technological entrepreneurship in Russia are revealed, the need for regional integration of business and education to create centers for technological entrepreneurship is substantiated, and the main problems requiring a systematic solution are identified. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that technological entrepreneurship as the basis of the economic and technological independence of the state, if successfully implemented, can become a key driver of economic growth and the basis for the formation of the middle class.

The development of technological entrepreneurship is necessary since new technologies and the level of knowledge are the factors determining the macroeconomic indicators, along with capital and labor. It is essential to identify the effectiveness of the development of technological entrepreneurship as an institution that transforms the research, development, and intellectual property into ready-made advanced production technologies. The paper studies the interrelation between the resources available to technological entrepreneurship (the level of costs for research and development, intellectual property) and the results in the form of the creation of new technologies. The author carried out the analysis at the national and regional levels. For this reason, two new indicators are calculated: the ratio of the number of patents for inventions to the number of the developed advanced production technologies; the ratio of the number of the developed advanced production technologies to the internal costs of research and development. At the national level, the author studied the change in these indicators for 2000–2018, determined trends and dynamics peculiarities. The study identified the influence of changes in the methodology of statistical accounting in 2011–2012 on assessing technological entrepreneurship efficiency. At the regional level, the author studied the variants of indicators of the effectiveness of technological entrepreneurship development, evaluated the nature of the distribution, and concluded on the degree of regional asymmetry. The paper includes the analytical grouping of Russian regions by the effectiveness of technological entrepreneurship development and its use of the resources of the national innovation system. The key features of the national dynamics of technological entrepreneurship efficiency are the improvement of the efficiency of the usage of intellectual property (patents) in general over the period and the unstable nature of this indicator in the last 5–7 years. At the regional level, the author noted a right-sided asymmetry in the distribution of both indicators and identified the regions with the highest and lowest efficiency of technological entrepreneurship development. The study showed that technological entrepreneurship efficiency does not always coincide with the positions of a region in the innovative development ratings.

In the paper, the complex analysis of the regional infrastructure of support of technological entrepreneurship of the Volgograd region, based on the statistical data reflecting the activity of enterprise structures is carried out. The scientific relevance of this research is related to the fact that technological entrepreneurship is a new type of enterprise that meets the requirements of the postindustrial period. The functioning of this type of entrepreneurship is based on a high-tech or knowledge-intensive idea, which contributes to the development of the environment. According to the results of the analysis, the main drawbacks of the regional infrastructure of support of technological entrepreneurship of the Volgograd region, which create barriers in the development of technological entrepreneurship. Based on the identified problems, measures have been developed to overcome them.

Research Question: This paper explores the potential for technology entrepreneurship development at the country level through the creation of a new composite index. Motivation: Motivation for this paper arises from the fact there is a lack of the composite indices used exclusively for technology management as identified by Jovanovic et al. (2017). Technology indices are mostly used as important components of other composite indices used for tracking a country performance from the perspective of other global phenomena (e.g. competitiveness and innovativeness). The novelty of this paper reflects in the proposed Technology Entrepreneurship Development Potential (TED-pot) index which has multiple significances. It could serve as a help for policy makers in creating national policies; other companies and countries looking for the adequate environment to invest in technology entrepreneurship projects; academics who benefit from a new country-level view on technology entrepreneurship, especially ICT entrepreneurship. Idea: The idea of the paper was to create the TED-pot index to enable the cross-countries comparisons and examine whether the potential of Serbia lies in its entrepreneurial ICT sector. Data: Four indicators included in the created index are measured by the World Bank. The index is applied on six ex-Yugoslav countries and the EU for the period 2009-2014. All the data is collected from the World Bank database. Tools: The final index value is obtained by using the simple weighted function with equal weights. The overall TED-pot has been built upon the equal weighting of the two created pillars: ICT potential (ICT-pot) and Entrepreneurial potential (E-pot). The values for each pillar are calculated by the same procedure, through the simple mean of certain indicators. Findings: According to the calculated TED-pot values, Serbia stands out as a country with the greatest potential for technology entrepreneurship development in the region. Analysing individual pillars, ICT-pot indicates Serbia has very strong ICT sector, far ahead of other countries in the region, while the E-pot values show there is a space for administration to ease and speed up the process of starting new businesses in Serbia. This is a pilot research and the first presentation of the created index, which calls for further investigation. Contribution: This paper expands exiting research related to the country-level measurement in the field of technology management and entrepreneurship, especially focusing on ICT entrepreneurship development.

The development of technological entrepreneurship is a necessary condition for maintaining the technological leadership of our country. Therefore, this article is devoted to the analysis of conditions, forms and measures of state support for technological entrepreneurship using an institutional approach. The adopted regulatory documents, forms of innovative infrastructure, tax regulation measures, financial support institutions, as well as the effectiveness of all these measures for the period from 2005 to 2019 are consistently analyzed. Along with successful experience in the development of small innovative enterprises in universities, in technology parks, in the Skolkovo technological valley, the study notes that technological entrepreneurship has not been widely developed. Universities are not interested in creating small innovative enterprises, since their activity is evaluated by the number of articles. Weakly developed and not provided by the specialists of the technology transfer. At the early and advanced stages of a high-tech startup, the development barrier is a condition on the part of funding funds - the need to attract an equal share of private investment. Separate proposals for the activation of technology startups and technology transfer are given.

The objective of the paper is an attempt at the identification and assessment of factors stimulating and limiting the development of technological entrepreneurship and partnering in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. Meeting this objective required evaluation of factors and methods of technological entrepreneurship development among small and medium-sized companies in Poland (such as an open organizational culture), identification of barriers to the development of an open innovation organizational culture among small and medium-sized enterprises (such as inter-organizational partnering), along with formulation of practical recommendations for the development of technological entrepreneurship, an open organizational culture and partnering in specific enterprises (SMEs), both in terms of cooperation with the R&D, financial and local environment institutions, as well as the development of internal resources and competences to ensure the adaptation of enterprises to the requirements of modern technologies. The study was conducted in 2012–2013 on a sample of 300 small and medium-sized companies located in Poland.

Numerous studies have explored the growth and development of entrepreneurship in general and technological entrepreneurship (TE) in specific in South Asia. Many of these studies empirically validate the influence of different factors in the development of TE. This study attempts to explore the factors influencing development of TE and develop a model utilising total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) technique to depict factors affecting a the development of TE hierarchically using data collected from focus group discussions undertaken with founders of TE. The results add further value to the findings of empirical studies undertaken in this area.

The article analyzes the role of universities in the formation of startup culture and the development of technological entrepreneurship in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the mechanisms by which universities stimulate students' entrepreneurial activity and integrate into regional and national innovation ecosystems. The work uses an approach that includes the analysis of literary sources, statistical data and examples of successful practices of leading Russian universities. Three main directions of university transformation have been identified: the formation of entrepreneurial thinking and career guidance, the development of organizational mechanisms to support startups, as well as the participation of universities in innovation clusters. The article focuses on the role of the educational environment, the introduction of project and business training, as well as the development of university infrastructure – incubators, accelerators, technology transfer centers. The importance of initiatives such as the Startup as a Diploma program in increasing student engagement was noted. The main conclusion of the study is that universities have already become entry points into the innovative economy, but in order to unlock their potential, systemic support and strengthening intersectoral cooperation between core and regional universities are needed. The work has relevance and practical significance, offering sound directions for the development of the university startup ecosystem in the near future.

Relevance. In modern conditions, there is a significant transformation of the business sector. Technological development becomes the driving force of economic growth and the object of the country's strategic development, since technological enterprises form the basis of technological development. Currently, there are several types of entrepreneurial structures that take place in the modern economy: technological entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship of digital technologies; digital business. In modern conditions, scientific and technological progress is accelerating at a double rate, as the information space is expanding both inside and outside the country. The development of technological entrepreneurship requires a developed innovation ecosystem that creates favorable conditions for the creation of advanced technologies and technological solutions. Modern entrepreneurship is developing in various directions, based on advanced technologies and digital transformation. Despite the rapid technological growth of Russian companies, there are a number of problems hindering further development. However, in the current conditions of sanctions pressure and a complex geopolitical situation, the technology sphere on the Russian territory is waiting for big changes in terms of infrastructure and institutional issues, which determines the relevance of the scientific research presented in this paper. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of public administration in innovation and technological development. Objectives: to consider the mechanism of state regulation and state support for technological entrepreneurship and to analyze the current state of innovation and technological development. Methodology. The study is based on a review of the works of domestic economists, the study of the regulatory framework on the research topic and the analysis of statistical data. Results. In the course of the work, the current state of the technological development of the Russian Federation was analyzed, the key indicators of innovative and technological development were analyzed, the main problems and features of technological entrepreneurship at the present stage were characterized, the legal framework for technological development, which forms the structure and principles of the functioning of the technology market, was considered. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that in the near future the state is waiting for the development of the domestic technology market, which contributes to technological development.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss Malaysia's industrial development since achieving its independence in 1957 to 2007. The industrial development in Malaysia has gradually shifted from mere trading type of activities to technology based entrepreneurial activities.Design/methodology/approachThe transformation of Malaysia's industrial development from entrepreneurship to technology entrepreneurship is studied by applying the World Bank framework introduced by Bessant et al. The improvised framework has eight key dimensions that are developed as the key activities of technology entrepreneurship to assess the presence of technology entrepreneurship activity during the study period.FindingsThe initiation of the government's heavy industrialization drive in the 1980s had given rise to the growth of the manufacturing sector, and consequently, the implementation of public policies and government programmes in the 1990s have led to the shift of the economy from labor intensive manufacturing to high technology with higher value added activities. The findings thus indicate that the government's effort and support through the implementation of different policies and various state‐led programmes have basically driven Malaysia's entrepreneurial activities to be technology oriented.Research limitations/implicationsAs for the limitation, it is represented by the difficulties in identifying the key technology entrepreneurship activities and using them to analyze the entrepreneurship development at the macro level. Having analyzed at the macro level, this study hopes to contribute to the policy makers in drafting the government policies strategically so as to foster the growth of technology entrepreneurship in Malaysia generally, and to develop capabilities in particular industrial sectors.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview of the industrial development in Malaysia as a background to the discussion on the transformation to technology entrepreneurship development.

The paper presents the current state of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia and foreign countries, which occupies a significant share in the creation of GDP in the economies of developed countries, and also attracts researchers from different countries due to the lack of a unified theory of technological entrepreneurship. One of the reasons which prevent raising the level of innovation in the Russian economy is a low level of activity of technological entrepreneurship entities. Features of technological entrepreneurship predetermine the need to develop measures of regulation, financing, etc. adapted to its specifics. The influence of macroeconomic dynamics on the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia is shown, and a comparative analysis of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia and the European Union as an example of developed economies is conducted. The presence of cultural and behavioral barriers to the further development of technological entrepreneurship in Russia is revealed, a conclusion is made about the decisive influence of macroeconomic dynamics and the steady development of the institutional environment for the implementation of technological innovation by small businesses.