Abstract
Introduction/purpose: A fundamental theoretical explanation is given for the fact that in subnanosecond vacuum diodes there exists a group of electrons with kinetic energies much higher than the applied voltage (multiplied by the value of the elementary charge) qUmax. Methods: A mathematical method is used based on the numerical solution of the Vlasov-Poisson differential equations system for one-dimensional vacuum diodes of various designs. Results: It is shown in detail that the so-called "anomalous" electrons appear in the transient time domain characterizing the processes of establishing current flow in vacuum diodes. Conclusion: It has been convincingly shown that the presence of "anomalous" electrons is not associated with either the diode design or the presence of additional current carriers. In vacuum diodes with a subnanosecond leading edge of the voltage pulse, the excess of energy over qUmax can be over 20%.
Highlights
The electrodynamic effects of space-charge limited flows are associated with many interesting phenomena appearing in various fields of applied electrodynamics and electronics
In vacuum diodes, the “anomalous” electrons appearance is provoked by the restricted duration of the voltage pulse front
We have convincingly shown that "anomalous" electrons always arise in the transient mode of a vacuum diode
Summary
The electrodynamic effects of space-charge limited flows are associated with many interesting phenomena appearing in various fields of applied electrodynamics and electronics. Regarding Child’s law, in order to obtain the SCL current value (1), it was assumed that in a planar diode there are only electrons with zero initial velocities.
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