Abstract
Fixed-film, fluidized-bed bioreactors have been used successfully to treat dilute synthetic wastewaters on a continuous basis for more than 1 year and dilute actual coal conversion wastewaters for 3 months. The bioreactors have exhibited stable biological activity, and no difficult operating problems have been encountered. Effluent phenol concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/L have been obtained using synthetic wastewater containing 30 to 40 mg/L of phenol. Volumetric reaction rates in the bioreactors are substantially higher than those in suspended growth systems (such as activated sludge) because of the high concentration of retained cells on the support particles. Bioreactor performance, batch kinetic studies, and development, characterization, and preservation of the microbial culture are described.
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