Fixed-bed column studies on biosorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution by Citrullus lanatus rind and Cyperus rotundus

Kandaswamy Suyamboo Bharathi,Srikrishna Perumal Thanga Ramesh

doi:10.1007/s13201-013-0103-4

Kandaswamy Suyamboo Bharathi, Srikrishna Perumal Thanga Ramesh

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0103-4

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Abstract

In this study, fixed-bed column experiments were performed to investigate the biosorption potential of two agricultural wastes, Citrullus lanatus rind and Cyperus rotundus to remove Crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution. The experiments were conducted to study the effects of important parameters such as bed depth (10–30 cm), flow rate (10–20 mL min−1) and initial dye concentration (10–25 mg L−1). Different models like Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model, Thomas model and Yoon-Nelson model were applied to the experimental sorption data. In the biosorption of Crystal violet by both the sorbents, the BDST model fitted well with the experimental data in the initial region of the breakthrough curve. Also, Yoon–Nelson model was found to show good agreement with the experimental kinetic results as compared to the Thomas model. The sorbents were found to be very potential, as it showed good sorption capacities of 46.68 and 54.24 mg g−1 for CV biosorption by Citrullus lanatus rind and Cyperus rotundus. Recovery of dye was made by eluting 1 N CH3COOH through the exhausted column in downward direction.

Highlights

Dyes are organic compounds consisting of two main groups of compounds, chromophores and auxochromes (Christie 2001)
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of Citrullus lanatus rind and Cyperus rotundus for Crystal violet removal from aqueous solution in dynamic flow system
Pores are absent on the surface of Crystal violet (CV)-loaded CLR, suggesting biosorption of CV onto CLR (Fig. 2b)

Summary

Introduction

Dyes are organic compounds consisting of two main groups of compounds, chromophores (responsible for the color of the dye) and auxochromes (responsible for intensity of the color) (Christie 2001). It is estimated that approximately 12 % of synthetic dyes are lost during manufacturing and processing operations, and 20 % of these lost dyes enter in the industrial wastewater (Chowdhury et al 2011a). Crystal violet (CV) or Gentian violet is widely used for dyeing of cotton and silk and in the manufacture of paints and printing inks (Chakraborty et al 2011; Senthilkumar et al 2010). It finds application as a biological stain and is the active ingredient in Gram’s stain.

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