Abstract
Traditional implementation of sliding-mode controllers, based on hysteresis comparators, exhibits variable switching frequency. Such a condition makes it difficult to select the semiconductor devices, design the passive elements of dc/dc converters, and design the sensing filters usually adopted for removing the switching noise from currents and voltages. Those problems are always present in photovoltaic systems based on variable-frequency sliding-mode controllers. Therefore, this paper proposes an implementation methodology for sliding-mode controllers providing constant switching frequency, which is aimed for grid-connected photovoltaic applications. The proposed solution does not compromise the power production of the PV system, hence it provides the same PV power in comparison with the classical variable-frequency implementation. Finally, the performance and correct operation of the fixed-frequency implementation are demonstrated using both simulation and experimental results.
Highlights
The solar irradiance is a renewable and clean energy source that is attracting interest due to its low environmental impact, high sustainability and availability at almost any place [1]
One of the challenges in controlling PV systems concerns the variability of the power production, which is mainly caused by the variation on the irradiance level, or by partial shading produced by surrounding objects [5], causing the activation of bypass diodes
This paper has presented a novel implementation methodology for sliding-mode controllers featuring constant switching frequency, which is aimed for SMC applied to photovoltaic systems
Summary
The solar irradiance is a renewable and clean energy source that is attracting interest due to its low environmental impact, high sustainability and availability at almost any place [1]. The regulation of grid-connected PV system using SMC has been extensively addressed in the literature as reported in [9, 15,16,17,18,19,20] Those solutions provide the classical implementation based on a variableswitching frequency that depends on the dc/dc converter parameters and on the operating conditions imposed by both the environment and load. Another approach was proposed in [25], which reports a fixed-frequency SMC to improve the dynamic response of a single-phase inverter subjected to a sudden fluctuation of the load This solution uses a flip-flop to generate the control signal with an additional constant frequency clock to impose a constant Turn-ON time.
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