Five-Year Incidence of Caries, Salivary and Microbial Conditions in 60-, 70- and 80-Year-Old Swedish Individuals

Abstract

The 5-year incidence of dental caries in a random sample of 60-, 70- and 80-year-old inhabitants of Göteborg was related to salivary and microbial conditions. Of the 208 persons examined at baseline, 148 (71%) participated in the follow-up examination; 69, 51 and 28, respectively, in the different age groups. The study revealed that 27% of the participants had not developed any carious lesions during the 5-year period and that the incidence of coronal and root caries increased with age. In the 60-year-olds, 2.5% of the susceptible coronal and root surfaces, respectively, had decayed, while the corresponding figures for the 80-year-olds were 8.8% for coronal surfaces and 9.8% for root surfaces. In all, 18% had an unstimulated saliva secretion rate of below 0.1 ml/min and 14% had a stimulated secretion rate of < 0.7 ml/min, with a mean rate which decreased with increasing age from 2.0 to 1.6 and 1.3 ml/min (p = 0.02). The overall salivary counts of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci, particularly the subspecies of Streptococcus sobrinus, had increased during the period. In the respective age groups of 60, 70 and 80 years, 15, 39 and 39% had a mutans streptococci count of ≥ 10⁶ CFU/ml in saliva and the corresponding figures for ≥ 10⁵ lactobacilli counts were 22, 31 and 43%. In the stepwise regression analysis, it was found that age, salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and number of teeth were the best predictors of the incidence of root caries. In conclusion, these observations indicate that there is an increased risk of dental caries with age owing to unfavourable microbial and salivary conditions.