Abstract
PurposeTo examine a potential association between longitudinal changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), arterial blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in a population-based setting.MethodsThe longitudinal population-based Beijing Eye Study included 2355 subjects with an age of 45+ years who were examined in 2006 and in 2011. The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including tonometry and measurement of arterial blood pressure and BMI.ResultsData on IOP, arterial blood pressure and BMI measured in 2006 and in 2011 were available for 2257 (95.8%) subjects with a mean age of 59.5±9.7 years. The mean change in IOP was −1.25±2.26 mm Hg, mean change in mean blood pressure −7.4±12.1 mmHg, and mean change in BMI was 0.01±2.04 kg/m2. In multivariate analysis, the 5-year change in IOP was significantly associated with a higher change in mean blood pressure (P<0.001; standardized regression coefficient Beta:0.11; regression coefficient B:0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.01,0.03) after adjusting for younger age (P<0.001;Beta:−0.18;B:−0.04;95% CI:−0.05,−0.03), shorter body stature (P = 0.002;Beta:−0.06;B:−0.06;95% CI:−0.03,−0.01), thicker central corneal thickness (P<0.001;Beta:0.19;B:0.02;95% CI:0.01,0.02), deeper anterior chamber depth (P = 0.01;Beta:0.05;B:0.33;95% CI:0.07,0.60), and lower intraocular pressure at baseline (P<0.001;Beta:−0.56;B:−0.42;95% CI:−0.45,−0.39). If the analysis included only longitudinal parameters, the change in IOP was significantly associated with a higher change in mean arterial blood pressure (P<0.001;Beta:0.10;B:0.02;95% CI:0.01,0.03) and a higher change in body mass index (P<0.04;Beta:0.04;B:0.04;95% CI:0.01,0.09).ConclusionsIn the 5-year follow-up of our population-based sample, a change in IOP was associated with a corresponding change in arterial blood pressure and with a corresponding change in body mass index. These longitudinal data support the notion of a physiological relationship between arterial blood pressure, intraocular pressure and body mass index. These findings may be of interest for the discussion of the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Highlights
Previous cross-sectional studies have suggested that intraocular pressure (IOP), arterial blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure are associated with each other [1]
The 5-year change in IOP was significantly associated with a higher change in mean blood pressure (P,0.001; standardized regression coefficient Beta:0.11; regression coefficient B:0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.01,0.03) after adjusting for younger age (P,0.001;Beta:20.18;B:20.04;95% CI:20.05,20.03), shorter body stature (P = 0.002;Beta:20.06;B:20.06;95% CI:20.03,20.01), thicker central corneal thickness (P,0.001;Beta:0.19;B:0.02;95% CI:0.01,0.02), deeper anterior chamber depth (P = 0.01;Beta:0.05;B:0.33;95% CI:0.07,0.60), and lower intraocular pressure at baseline (P,0.001;Beta:20.56;B:20.42;95% CI:20.45,20.39)
If the analysis included only longitudinal parameters, the change in IOP was significantly associated with a higher change in mean arterial blood pressure (P,0.001;Beta:0.10;B:0.02;95% CI:0.01,0.03) and a higher change in body mass index (P,0.04;Beta:0.04;B:0.04;95% CI:0.01,0.09)
Summary
Previous cross-sectional studies have suggested that intraocular pressure (IOP), arterial blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure are associated with each other [1]. Other studies reported on associations between lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements and body mass index after adjustment for arterial blood pressure [13,14] Most of these investigations were cross-sectional analyses, while only few followup studies such as the Beaver Dam Eye Study examined the association between IOP and blood pressure longitudinally [2,14–. Since cross-sectional investigations cannot prove a temporal causation, and since the association between body mass index and cerebrospinal fluid pressure was not taken into account in all of the preceding studies, we performed this longitudinal investigation to investigate whether changes in IOP are associated with changes in arterial blood pressure and with changes in body mass index. Since the latter is associated with cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and since cerebrospinal fluid pressure has recently been suggested to be associated with glaucoma, the findings of our study may be interesting for the discussion of glaucomatous optic neuropathy
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