Abstract
Infectious diseases such as <i>H. pylori</i> infection are major public health problems in Ethiopia. Even though there are a considerably large number of dyspeptic patients in Asella teaching and referral hospital, there is no study done to assess the trend of <i>H. pylori</i> infection among dyspeptic patients. The objective of this study was to assess a five years trend of <i>H. pylori</i> infection among dyspeptic patients in Asella teaching and referral hospital. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to assess the trend of <i>H. pylori</i> infection from January 1, 2013 until October 30, 2017 among dyspeptic patients by counting stool antigen test results from the laboratory log book. It was found that a total of 9,493 dyspeptic patients with the mean age of 33.9 (SD+15.1) years were test for <i>H. pylori</i> infection in the last five years in Asella teaching and referral hospital. The total prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> was 1,444 (15.2%) in which 863 (59.8%) of them were females and 581 (40.2%) were males. There was a fluctuating trend of <i>H. pylori</i> with annual total cases of <i>H. pylori</i> ranged from 19.3% in 2017 to 6.1% in 2015. The study showed that there was low prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection among dyspeptic patients in Asella teaching and referral hospital, Ethiopia. The low prevalence reported from this study could be also due to the quality of the test kits, therefore, there is a need to validate the test kits used by the hospital laboratory.
Highlights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral shaped gram negative bacillus
Chronic H. pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma
This study was conducted in Asella teaching and referral hospital which is located at 175 km to the south east of the capital city, Addis Ababa
Summary
The ecological niche of H. pylori is the stomach where the organism establishes long term colonization of the gastric mucosa [1]. Chronic H. pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori is classified as a class 1 carcinogen because of its causal relationship to gastric adenocarcinoma, one of the world’s deadliest cancers [2]. More than half of world’s population is chronically infected with H. pylori, with the highest prevalence in developing countries, reaching up to 90% in some populations. H. pylori infection is strongly associated with poor socioeconomic standard and is considered as povertyrelated disease. The acquisition of H. pylori infection occurs mainly in childhood and persists lifelong in the absence of effective eradication treatment [3]. H. pylori strains are usually isolated from gastric biopsy tissue, but it is possible for the bacterium to be isolated from saliva, gastric reflux fluid, and vomits [5]
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