Five-year survival prognosis of young, middle-aged, and elderly adult female invasive breast cancer patients by clinical and lifestyle characteristics.

Abstract

Early-onset breast cancer incidence has been increasing globally and in Taiwan. However, previous studies have not comprehensively examined how clinical and lifestyle characteristics influence the 5-year survival of breast cancer diagnosed at different stages of adulthood. We analyzed the Taiwan National Cancer Registry and Cause of Death datasets to understand how clinical factors (including tumor and treatment characteristics) and lifestyle factors (including body mass index, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption) were associated with the 5-year survival of 8471 young, 57,695 middle-aged, and 14,074 elderly female adult invasive breast cancer patients respectively diagnosed at age 20-39, 40-64, and ≥ 65 years between 2002 and 2015, with mortality follow-up to 2020. Poisson regression was used for obtaining the crude and adjusted 5-year survival risk ratios. Clinical and lifestyle characteristics were distributed differently but had mostly similar direction of association with 5-year survival for the three age groups. Receiving any treatment was associated with better survival, especially for elderly patients. Being underweight at initial cancer treatment was associated with worse survival than having normal weight, especially for elderly patients. Current smokers had worse survival than never smokers for middle-aged and elderly patients. The 5-year breast cancer-specific survival was not significantly higher for those of age 45-49 years than 40-44 years, despite the recommended starting screening age is 45 years in Taiwan. Our findings contribute to the understanding of early-onset and later-onset female breast cancer characteristics and prognosis, which may inform surveillance and treatment strategies to achieve better breast cancer prognosis.