Abstract
Five new and five known species of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 are described from the Western Ghats of India. Tylencholaimus macroamphidius sp. nov. has a 0.61–0.85 mm long body, angular lips, large amphid, 8.0–9.0 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with asymmetrical basal knobs, pharyngeal bulb expanding gradually, female genital system mono-prodelphic, and a rounded to conoid tail. Tylencholaimus shamimi sp. nov. has a 0.57–0.71 mm long body, 6.0–7.0 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with basal thickening, pharyngeal bulb expanding gradually, female genital system amphidelphic and a convex-conoid tail. Tylencholaimus southindicus sp. nov. has a 0.44–0.55 mm long body, lip region with distinct labial disc, 4.5–5.5 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with minute basal knobs, pharyngeal expansion abrupt, female genital system mono-prodelphic, and a rounded-conoid to rounded tail. Tylencholaimus striatus sp. nov. has a 0.30–0.34 mm long body with distinctly striated cuticle, 5.0–5.5 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with minute basal knobs, pharyngeal bulb expanding abruptly, female genital system mono-prodelphic, and a conoid tail with bluntly rounded terminus. Tylencholaimus tamiliensis sp. nov. has 0.51–0.58 mm long body, 5.5–6.0 μm long odontostyle, odontophore with minute basal knobs, pharyngeal bulb expanding gradually, female genital system mono-prodelphic and tail rounded to conoid with sunken terminus. Five known species of the genus Tylencholaimus viz. T. mirabilis, T. teres, T. micronanus, T. ibericus and T. cosmos also recorded from the region and redescribed/illustrated.
Highlights
The Western Ghats in India is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al 2000) and is one of the world’s eight “Hottest biodiversity hotspots”
Several species of soil-inhabiting nematodes have been described from this biodiversity hotspot (Ferris et al 1979; Ahmad & Jairajpuri 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988; Ahmad et al 1992; Ahmad & Ahmad 1992, 2002; Ahmad 1993; Dhanam & Jairajpuri 1999; Tabinda et al 2013), the species diversity of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 which is one of the most speciose genus representing the superfamily Tylencholaimoidea Filipjev, 1934 of the order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942, has not been extensively studied in this region
Its representatives generally occur in undisturbed natural soils, predominantly recorded from temperate Northern Hemisphere i.e., North America and Eurasia (Golhasan et al 2019)
Summary
The Western Ghats in India is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al 2000) and is one of the world’s eight “Hottest biodiversity hotspots”. It represents some of the best tropical evergreen forests. Several species of soil-inhabiting nematodes have been described from this biodiversity hotspot (Ferris et al 1979; Ahmad & Jairajpuri 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988; Ahmad et al 1992; Ahmad & Ahmad 1992, 2002; Ahmad 1993; Dhanam & Jairajpuri 1999; Tabinda et al 2013), the species diversity of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 which is one of the most speciose genus representing the superfamily Tylencholaimoidea Filipjev, 1934 of the order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942, has not been extensively studied in this region. Three species viz., Tylencholaimus cosmos Peña-Santiago, 2008, T. ibericus Peña-Santiago & Coomans, 1994 and T. vulvulatus Rahman et al, 1987 have been recorded so far (Dhanam & Jairajpuri 1999) from this region
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