Abstract
In the present article we present an update on the role of chemoprevention and other pharmacological activities reported on kurarinone, a natural flavanone (from 1970 to 2021). To the best of our knowledge this is the first and exhaustive review of kurarinone. The literature was obtained from different search engine platforms including PubMed. Kurarinone possesses anticancer potential against cervical, lung (non-small and small), hepatic, esophageal, breast, gastric, cervical, and prostate cancer cells. In vivo anticancer potential of kurarinone has been extensively studied in lungs (non-small and small) using experimental xenograft models. In in vitro anticancer studies, kurarinone showed IC50 in the range of 2–62 µM while in vivo efficacy was studied in the range of 20–500 mg/kg body weight of the experimental organism. The phytochemical showed higher selectivity toward cancer cells in comparison to respective normal cells. kurarinone inhibits cell cycle progression in G2/M and Sub-G1 phase in a cancer-specific context. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells by modulating molecular players involved in apoptosis/anti-apoptotic processes such as NF-κB, caspase 3/8/9/12, Bcl2, Bcl-XL, etc. The phytochemical inhibits metastasis in cancer cells by modulating the protein expression of Vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9. It produces a cytostatic effect by modulating p21, p27, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin A proteins in cancer cells. Kurarinone possesses stress-mediated anticancer activity and modulates STAT3 and Akt pathways. Besides, the literature showed that kurarinone possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-drug resistance, anti-microbial (fungal, yeast, bacteria, and Coronavirus), channel and transporter modulation, neuroprotection, and estrogenic activities as well as tyrosinase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase/glucosidase/aldose reductase/human carboxylesterases 2 inhibitory potential. Kurarinone also showed therapeutic potential in the clinical study. Further, we also discussed the isolation, bioavailability, metabolism, and toxicity of Kurarinone in experimental models.
Highlights
Plant-based secondary metabolites are indirectly helpful for the growth and development of the plants, but it is of direct importance for humans
The present review summarizes the chemoprevention and other pharmacological activities of kurarinone
Kurarinone is an important ingredient of several Chinese medicinal products
Summary
Plant-based secondary metabolites are indirectly helpful for the growth and development of the plants, but it is of direct importance for humans. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds that occur widely in plants. They contain a benzo-γ-pyrone structure comprised of two benzene rings (A and B), connected with a heterocyclic pyran ring (C). Flavonoids are classified as flavone, flavanol, flavanone, and others These groups may differ from each other based on the oxidation level and type of substitution group at the C ring. They are well known for their pharmacological potential such as anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, immune-modulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, etc (Kushwaha et al, 2019b). Kurarinone is a natural flavanone found in different plants and possesses various pharmacological activities including chemoprevention efficacy. We reviewed the studies based on these parameters of kurarinone
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