Fitts’ law on the flight deck: evaluating touchscreens for aircraft tasks in actual flight scenarios

Abstract

This research investigated the effects of an abnormal flight environment using touch-based navigation displays (TNDs). Fitts’ law was used to compare the performance of TNDs with control display units (CDUs) and mode control panel (MCPs) under three different flight scenarios (normal, turbulence and startled). A within-subjects design involving 15 male participants was used. Data were collected in respect to accuracy, movement time, subjective feelings, choices and comments. The results showed that under abnormal conditions, TNDs showed worse operation performance and stability than CDUs and MCPs; however, it was easy to learn from TNDs, and they provided a good user experience. Moreover, this research demonstrated the application of Fitts’ law to describe pilot behaviours in interactive flight devices, particularly for tasks involving real flight operations. TND designs for aviation could be developed based on these findings to improve flight crew performance when using new technology. Practitioner summary: This research built a Fitts’ law model to evaluate the performance of aircraft cockpit touchscreens under normal, turbulence and startled scenarios. We compared the different touchscreens (TNDs) with other traditional interactive devices, such as CDUs and MCPs. The results have implications for the design of aircraft cockpit touchscreens and define the task scenario. Furthermore, the results contribute to the development of scenes utilising Fitts’ law.