Abstract

People are often exposed to toxic or hazardous (e.g. radioactive radon and lead) elements and rays, without even knowing so. Toxicity often results from an individual’s prolonged exposure to toxic substances. A thorough examination of some individuals’ blood or urine samples for the quantities of hazardous substances or elements, often gives a multivariate data (i.e. matrix of cases against elements) on toxicity. The pertinent response variable is often binary response (or count data) type and hence the Generalized Linear Models (GLM) of it can be fitted using our proposed techniques. This paper purports to identify models in GLM that can be used to study toxicity when it is ‘captured’ as count data or Binary Response Variables (BRV). An illustration of how the techniques work is done by using a sample of data on some artisans.

Highlights

  • Pollution happens in various ways; environmental and occupational exposures to pollutants are usually experienced by artisans [4]

  • Environmental pollution can sometimes be due to human inappropriate activities or natural (e.g. the natural emission of radioactive radon in residential buildings) [5] [6] [7]

  • The individual will be ‘pronounced’ toxic, with respect to the toxic substance, if the estimated quantity of the substance found in the samples from his/her body is higher than the quantity that can be tolerated by a human body

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Summary

Introduction

Pollution happens in various ways; environmental and occupational exposures to pollutants are usually experienced by artisans [4]. Environmental pollution can sometimes be due to human inappropriate activities (e.g. the dumping of toxic waste in residential locations) or natural (e.g. the natural emission of radioactive radon in residential buildings (indoor radon)) [5] [6] [7]. In the former case, the activity can be stopped, whilst in the latter case, little or nothing can be done. This paper purports to identify models in GLM that can be used to study toxicity when it is ‘captured’ as count data or BRV

Toxicity and GLM in R
Assumptions on Variables and General Setup for GLM in R
When the Organisms are Monitored to Mortality
When the Organisms are inspected for Information on Toxicity
Determination of Matrix Y When Tolerance Limits Exist for all Toxic Elements
Conclusions

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