Abstract
In China, Fusarium head blight is caused mainly by the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), which produces trichothecene toxins. The FGSC is divided into three chemotypes: 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and nivalenol (NIV). In order to predict the geographical changes in the distribution of these chemotype populations in major winter wheat-producing areas in China, the biological characteristics of twenty randomly selected isolates from each of the three chemotypes were studied. No significant difference was exhibited in the growth rate of 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and NIV isolates at 15°C. At 20°C and 25°C, the growth rate of 15-ADON isolates was the highest. At 30°C, the growth rate of NIV and 3-ADON isolates was significantly higher than that of 15-ADON isolates. The 15-ADON isolates produced the highest quantities of perithecia and two to three days earlier than the other two populations at each temperature, and released more ascospores at 18°C. The aggressiveness test on wheat seedlings and ears indicated there was no significant difference between the 3-ADON and 15-ADON isolates. However, the aggressiveness of NIV isolates was significantly lower than that of the 3-ADON and 15-ADON isolates. The DON content in grains from heads inoculated with the 3-ADON isolates was higher than the content of 15-ADON and NIV isolates. The results showed that 15-ADON population had the advantage in perithecia formation and ascospore release, and the 3-ADON population produced more DON in wheat grains. We suggested that distribution of these three chemotype populations may be related to these biological characteristics.
Highlights
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease in wheat that is widely distributed in areas with warm and humid climate resulting in yield losses and grain quality decline [1]
The mycelial growth rate among the three chemotype populations was not significantly different (P = 0.9872), and there was an interaction between the chemotype and the temperature in the two-factor ANOVA analysis of variance
The primary pathogen of FHB in China was identified as F. graminearum until O’Donnell et al [31] used genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) to investigate species limits in F. graminearum
Summary
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease in wheat that is widely distributed in areas with warm and humid climate resulting in yield losses and grain quality decline [1]. Fitness of three FGSC chemotypes role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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