Abstract
A growing number of patients in the United States undergo efficient hemodialysis through autogenous arteriovenous fistulas or prosthetic arteriovenous grafts. Unfortunately, these vascular conduits are fraught with complications, and failing access remains the leading cause of hospitalization for patients undergoing dialysis.1 The superiority of autogenous arteriovenous fistulas as compared with prosthetic arteriovenous grafts is well established. Fistulas have a far lower risk of failure and a reduced requirement for revision as compared with prosthetic grafts. In 1997, the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative recommended a goal of arteriovenous fistula formation in 50% of all new patients undergoing . . .
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