Abstract
Africa’s freshwater ecosystems are impacted by many threats due to climate change and several anthropogenic activities. In Côte d’Ivoire, the economy relies mostly on agriculture, which covers around 64% of the land surface. The study aimed to investigate Côte d’Ivoire fishermen’s perception of climate change, its drivers and other anthropogenic activities impacting freshwater fish biodiversity. The fish species locally threatened in the Ivorian freshwater ecosystems were also investigated. Face to face interviews and a structured questionnaire were used. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, means, and standard deviation, minimum and maximum. The multinomial logit regression was also applied to test factors that influence fishermen’s awareness and perception of climate change and their perception of change in fish abundance. The results show that around 72.7% of fishermen were aware of climate change. Decreases of precipitation (87.9%) and increases of temperature (76.1%) were observed by fishermen. Also, a significant decrease in fish quantity was observed by respondents. Climate change and anthropogenic activities such as gold mining, water withdrawal, use of small-mesh fishing nets, overfishing, industrial waste pollution, pesticides use for agricultural purposes along watersheds, obnoxious fishing practices and population growth, were highlighted as the main reasons for this decline. Species such as Lates niloticus, Heterotis niloticus, Parachanna obscura, Malapterurus electricus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Tilapia zillii, Polpyterus endlicheri and Labeo coubie were listed by fishermen as locally threatened within Ivorian freshwater ecosystems. Actions and policies are needed to be taken by local authorities to ensure the sustainability of fisheries resources. The information obtained from this study constitutes a prerequisite for developing and implementing studies or policies aimed at mitigating and combating the negative effect of climate change and anthropogenic activities on the Ivorian freshwater ecosystem.
Highlights
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defined climate change as ‘‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable periods’’ [1]
Many anthropogenic activities including gold mining, water withdrawal for human needs, use of small-mesh fishing nets, overfishing, industrial waste discharge, pesticides use for agricultural purposes along watersheds, obnoxious fishing practices and increase in human population, were listed by fishermen as other stressors contributing in depletion of Ivorian freshwater fish abundance
The results of this study show good awareness among local fishermen of climate change and its drivers
Summary
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defined climate change as ‘‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable periods’’ [1]. Combined effects of climatic factors, overfishing, increased human population growth, water pollution and alien invasive species, are amongst the stressors that contribute to the degradation of natural water resources, threatening aquatic systems [2]. Freshwater organisms have the highest proportion of known species globally categorized as extinct or threatened in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List [4, 5]. A report of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) indicated a faster decline of freshwater biodiversity than of terrestrial and marine biodiversity over the last three decades [6]. The decline is expected to accelerate even further with warmer temperatures, reduced precipitation and increased water withdrawal for agriculture and other human use [7, 8]
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