Abstract
Fish locomotion provides an overview of key features related to swimming. The section about the swimming apparatus describes in general terms the functional anatomy of relevant parts of the skeleton, the main muscle system, fins and fin rays, body shape, and surface structures. The approximately 25000 extant species show tremendous variety in swimming styles. Some examples of species with special swimming skills are discussed. The main kinematic properties of commonly used undulations of body and tail are described and an overview is given of swimming using paired and unpaired appendages. The wake of a steadily swimming fish is described and explained as an example of the interaction between a swimming fish and water. The energy costs of swimming increases with speed. At the optimum speed the amount of work required to cover a unit distance reaches a minimum. Measured values of swimming costs at the optimum speed are compared. Burst-and-coast swimming and schooling are discussed as possible energy-saving behaviors.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
