Fish consumption and socio-economic factors among residents of Arkhangelsk city and the rural Nenets autonomous area

ISEE-0091 Background and Objective: It has been suggested that at least a part of the health benefits of fish consumption could be explained by a generally healthy dietary pattern. Our aim was to study fish consumption in relation to food consumption and nutrient intake, i.e., diet as a whole. Methods: The study population consisted of 114 professional fishermen and 115 fishermen's wives (the Fishermen study), and 580 males and 715 females of the nationally representative Health 2000 Health Examination Survey (the Health 2000 sub-study). Dietary data were collected using a validated food-frequency questionnaire on whole diet. Spearman correlation coefficients and means by fish consumption tertiles with P-values for linear trend were calculated. Age and energy intake were adjusted for in the analyses. Results: Fish consumption was 85% higher among the fishermen than among the Health 2000 sub-study men, and 45% higher among the fishermen's wives than among the Health 2000 sub-study women. Fish consumption associated positively with vegetable consumption, and negatively with milk, red meat (except for the Health 2000 sub-study men), and sugar, confectionary, and chocolate consumption. Among the men, fish consumption associated positively with alcohol consumption. Further, fish consumption associated positively with oil and poultry consumption among the Health 2000 sub-study participants. With regard to nutrients, fish consumption associated positively with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, vitamin D, vitamin B12, sodium, and selenium intake, and negatively associated with sugar intake. In all the other groups except for the fishermen, fish consumption associated positively also with vitamin A, E, and K, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, phosphorus, and iodine intake. Conclusion: High fish consumption seemed to be associated with a generally healthy diet. Dietary pattern among fish consumers should be taken into account in the future studies on the health effects of fish and fish-derived environmental contaminants.

SummaryBackground & aimsThe accumulated evidence supports an inverse association of fish consumption with cardiovascular disease and mortality, but data among patients with type 2 diabetes are sparse. We aimed to assess fish consumption in relation to myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWomen and men with diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 2225; aged 45–84 years) within two population-based cohorts (the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men) were followed from 1998 through 2012. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe identified 333 incident MI events, 321 incident stroke events and 771 deaths (154 with coronary heart disease [CHD] as underlying cause) during follow-up of up to 15 years. The multivariable HRs comparing >3 servings/week with ≤3 servings/month were 0.60 (95% CI, 0.39–0.92) for MI and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.66–1.64) for stroke. HRs for total mortality were lowest for moderate fish consumption of 1–<2 servings/week (0.82; 95% CI, 0.64–1.04) and 2–3 servings/week (0.79; 95% CI, 0.61–1.01) compared with ≤3 servings/month. The corresponding HRs for CHD-related mortality were 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32–0.90 and 0.75; 95% CI, 0.45–1.27.ConclusionsFish consumption was associated with lower MI incidence among individuals with type 2 diabetes, whereas no association was observed with stroke. Our data further indicated an association with lower mortality, particularly for CHD-related deaths. These findings support the current general advice on regular fish consumption also in the high risk group of type 2 diabetes patients.

Fish consumption is inversely associated with stroke in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013 to 2021.

ABSTRACTObservational studies on the association between fish and poultry intake and the risk of total cancer mortality have been reported with mixed results. Thus, we aimed to assess this association by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective studies. We performed a literature search on PubMed database through February 1, 2017 to identify relative prospective studies. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary estimates. We identified fourteen prospective studies involving 2,378,204 participants and 96,712 cancer mortality events. Comparing the highest category of consumption with lowest category, pooled relative risk (RR) of total cancer mortality was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–1.05) for fish (10 studies) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–1.00) for poultry (8 studies), respectively. However, we failed to identify any dose–response association based on a limited number of eligible studies, with a pooled RR of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92–1.05) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.88–1.07) for each 100 g per day increment in fish and poultry consumption, respectively. In summary, this meta-analysis indicates that consumption of either fish or poultry is not substantially associated with lower risk of total cancer mortality. The observed weak inverse association for high poultry consumption needs to be verified in additional large prospective studies.

Fish harbour many types of nutrients that are beneficial for preventing cognitive decline. Therefore, habitual fish intake might contribute to a lower risk of incident dementia. However, few prospective cohort studies have investigated fish consumption in relation to incident dementia, and their findings have been inconsistent. To investigate the association between fish consumption and the risk of incident dementia, we collected data on the consumption of fish and other foods using an FFQ in a baseline survey of individuals aged ≥65 years living in Ohsaki City, Japan. After 5·7 years of follow-up, the incidence of dementia was 1118 (8·5 %) among 13 102 participants. We then used a multivariate-adjusted Cox model to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. Compared with subjects with the lowest fish intake (Q1), the multivariate HR were 0·90 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·11) for Q2, 0·85 (95 % CI 0·73, 0·99) for Q3 and 0·84 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·997) for Q4 (Ptrend = 0·029). Such associations were also observed even after excluding participants who were diagnosed with dementia in the first 2 years of follow-up and those who had poorer cognitive function at baseline. In conclusion, an association was observed between higher fish consumption and a lower risk of incident dementia among healthy elderly people without disability. These findings suggest that habitual fish intake may be beneficial for the prevention of dementia.

Fish consumption and risk of stroke in Swedish women

Our aim was to investigate whether fish consumption is associated with the consumption of other healthy foods. The study population consisted of 2605 men and 3199 women from the nationally representative Health 2000 survey and 114 professional fishermen and 114 fishermen's wives (the Fishermen substudy) in Finland. Dietary data were collected using a calibrated (i.e. determined to have relative validity) FFQ. Model-adjusted means for food consumption and P values for linear trend were calculated across fish consumption tertiles. Those with the highest fish consumption had the highest consumption of vegetables, fruit and berries, potatoes, oil and wine even after adjusting for other food groups. The consumption of red meat and sausages had a tendency to decrease across fish consumption tertiles but the associations were inconsistent in the study populations. In conclusion, fish consumption had a positive linear association with the consumption of some other healthy foods such as vegetables, fruit, berries, and oil both in the general population of Finland and in a population with high fish consumption. Additional adjustment for other food groups had a clear effect on some of the studied associations. Therefore, when evaluating the health effects of fish consumption, confounding by other foods characterising a healthy diet needs to be considered.

There is a growing body of evidence that supports the potential role of fish consumption in relation to depression, but the data in Korean population is scarce. Thus, we examined the association between fish consumption and depression in Korean adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 9183 Korean adults aged 19-64 years who participated in the 6TH Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015), which is a large nationally representative study of Korean population. Fish consumption and depression status were assessed using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for physician-diagnosed clinical depression. Out of the 9183 subjects, 389 (4.2%) were diagnosed with depression. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for clinical depression across fish consumption were 1.00 (reference) for <1 time/week, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.56-1.04) for 1-3 times/week and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.37-0.74) for ≥4 times/week (P for trend = 0.0005). The inverse association for ≥4 times/week of fish consumption was stronger in women (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29-0.67, P for trend < .0001), but there was no significant association in men. Our findings suggest that high consumption of fish is associated with lower odds of depression in Korean adults, particularly in women. These results warrant further prospective studies to verify the association between fish consumption and risk of depression in Korean adults.

In Wisconsin, consumption of Great Lakes fish is an important source of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other halogenated hydrocarbons, all of which may act as potential risk factors for breast cancer. We examined the association between sport-caught fish consumption and breast cancer incidence as part of an ongoing population-based case-control study. We identified breast cancer cases 20-69 years of age who were diagnosed in 1998-2000 (n = 1,481) from the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System. Female controls of similar age were randomly selected from population lists (n = 1,301). Information about all sport-caught (Great Lakes and other lakes) fish consumption and breast cancer risk factors was obtained through telephone interviews. After adjustment for known and suspected risk factors, the relative risk of breast cancer for women who had recently consumed sport-caught fish was similar to women who had never eaten sport-caught fish [relative risk (RR) = 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-1.17]. Frequency of consumption and location of sport-caught fish were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Recent consumption of Great Lakes fish was not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57-1.07), whereas risk associated with premenopausal breast cancer was elevated (RR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.16-2.50). In this study we found no overall association between recent consumption of sport-caught fish and breast cancer, although there may be an increased breast cancer risk for subgroups of women who are young and/or premenopausal.

Objective: Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are becoming increasingly common nowadays. Socioeconomic status differences and their effects on the prevalence of those conditions are, however, still unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of monthly income on the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in the rural population from the earthquake damaged area. Design and method: This study included 249 patients who were a part of the Croatian Project ‘Chasing the Silent Killer’, a hypertension screening intervention in rural areas. Various anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire was given to the participants. The participants were divided into two groups: those with an average monthly income of more than 500 Eu and those with less. Results: The average BMI was 28.9 kg/m2. Out of the 249 patients, 100 of them had a BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2. The average blood pressure was 142/81 mmHg. Average systolic blood pressure was 6 mmHg lower in participants with a higher average monthly income in comparison to patients with a lower average monthly income (p = 0.056). Out of the total participants, 21 have type 2 diabetes. No significant association between BMI (p = 0.529), diabetes (p = 0.759) and the participants’ monthly income was proven. Conclusions: In this rural population we found a tendency for people with a higher average monthly income to have lower systolic blood pressure but no significant association between BMI, diabetes, and monthly income was noted. Lower monthly income, i.e. poor socioeconomic status is associated with higher systolic blood pressure, but not with obesity and diabetes. This result warrants further research.

Consumption of Fish Is Not Associated with Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study

Background: Evidence relating to the benefit of fish consumption on blood pressure (BP) management is inconclusive. Recent research has suggested that different patterns in fish consumption across geographic regions may modify the association between fish intake and cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives: To investigate the associations between fish intake and BP in Asian and Western population groups and to explore the associations between candidate urinary biomarkers of fish intake and BP. Methods: The International Study on Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) surveyed 4680 men and women aged 40-59 years from four countries: United States of America (US), United Kingdom (UK), Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and Japan between 1996 and 1999. Standardized quality-controlled measures collected included: four 24-hour dietary recalls and two 24-hour urine collections and eight BP measurements. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of urine specimens were acquired, and partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, sex, and sample/centre were performed to identify candidate peak variables correlating to total fish and shellfish intakes. Multivariable linear regression models conducted on pooled data by geographic region (Asian: Japan and PRC; n = 1984, and Western: UK and US; n = 2696) estimated differences in BP per 2SD (33.4g/1000kcal) of total fish intake and identified urinary metabolites. Results: Japan reported the highest daily intake of fish (mean 40.3, SD 22.3 g/1000kcal) with 99% of the cohort classified as consuming fish. Mean daily fish consumption patterns were comparable between the US (9.0 SD 15.0 g/1000kcal; 53% consumers) and UK (8.5 SD, 12.4 g/1000kcal; 55% consumers). No associations were observed between total fish intake and BP in individual cohorts or by geographic region. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), taurine and homarine were identified as candidate urinary biomarkers of fish intake. Homarine showed a strong correlation with shellfish intake ( r =0.43, P &lt;0.0001). Direct associations were observed between TMAO and diastolic BP (DBP) in the Western cohort ( β 0.32 95%CI 0.14, 0.50, P = 0.0006; fully adjusted for lifestyle and dietary intakes), this remained significant following adjustment for body mass index ( β 0.23, 95%CI 0.05, 0.41, P = 0.012). Taurine and homarine were not associated with BP. Conclusion: We observed no association between fish consumption and BP across Asian or Western populations. The differential association between urinary TMAO and DBP in Western and Asian population groups requires further investigation.

Fish provide energy, protein, and other important nutrients, including n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and iodine. However, some species of fish could contain contaminants such as mercury and dioxins. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of fish consumption in Poland, including of sea and freshwater fish species, referring to some socio-economic determinants. The frequency of consumption was assessed using Food Propensity Questionnaire data from 1489 adults (722 males, 767 females) in 2019–2020. The fish consumption frequency in Polish adults was lower than the recommendation (at least twice a week). About 80% of respondents consumed fish less frequently than recommended. Sea fish were mostly consumed less than once a month (31.8%) or 1–3 times a month (30.9%). Most subjects (44.8%) consumed freshwater fish less than once a month. Consumption also depended educational level, economic status, place of residence, declared health status, and BMI value or BMI status. However, taking into account sex, the occurrence of these relationships was different between men and women. It seems that educational activities and dissemination of proper nutrition principles is necessary in order to increase the consumption of fish in Poland. It is important to emphasize the health benefits of fish consumption in relation to the possible adverse effects of their contamination.

Determinants of exposure to mercury in hair from inhabitants of the largest mercury mine in the world

BackgroundAppropriate complementary feeding practices (CFPs) play a key role for ensuring optimal health, growth and development for children 6–23 months. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of CFPs of mothers or primary caregivers having children 6–23 months in Thanh Phu rural district of Ben Tre province, Vietnam.MethodsThree hundred fifty eight child-mother pairs participated in a cross-sectional study. Weight and height of children were measured by trained nutritionists using standard measurement tools and procedure. Mothers or primary caregivers were interviewed about maternal, child, and household characteristics, awareness of the food environment, household food insecurity (HFI), and CFPs using a structured questionnaire. Chi square test, Fisher exact test, t-test, and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate associations between CFPs and independent variables.ResultsThe percentages of children with appropriate minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were 71.5%, 40.8%, and 31.6%, respectively. MDD was negatively associated with younger child, the child’s sickness in the last 2 weeks, caregivers being fathers, not breastfeeding, lower monthly household income, and use of untreated drinking water after controlling for covariates (p < 0.05). Factors associated with poorer MMF included older child, not breastfeeding, and maternal biological status. Conversely, purchasing foods at the street vendors and appropriate MDD was positively associated with better MMF (p < 0.05). Maternal biological status, marital status of mothers, breastfeeding, and HFI were all associated with MAD (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results revealed that inappropriate complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in rural disadvantaged areas of Southern region remained a significant challenge for nutrition improvement of young children in Vietnam. Child age, HFI, use of untreated drinking water, lower monthly income, mother’s marital status, not breastfeeding, and source of purchased foods were associated with poor CFPs. Solutions for improving CFPs for children should address these underlying causes.