Fish community responses to antecedent hydrological conditions based on long-term data in Mediterranean river basins (Iberian Peninsula)

Abstract

In recent decades many studies have proven the paramount impact of flow regimes on the structure of lotic ecosystems, both through extreme events (i.e. floods and droughts) but also during intermediate flows, which temporarily and spatially regulate the habitat availability. Human demand for water is steadily increasing and scientists are challenged to define ecosystem needs clearly enough to guide policies and management strategies. However, field studies demonstrated that a variety of interacting factors, such as, presence of barriers (e.g. dams) and temporal changes in habitat structure affect the abundance, composition and distribution of fish assemblages. This work based on quantile regression tested hypotheses to elucidate the effect of antecedent hydrological conditions on fish communities. A large monitoring database collecting and homogenizing the existing information on fish fauna in the Júcar River Basin District (Eastern Iberian Peninsula) was gathered and used to evaluate biological metrics (species richness, Capture Per Unit Effort-CPUE, and CPUE ratio over the total CPUE) related to life history strategies (i.e. periodic, opportunistic or equilibrium) and species origin (i.e. native, translocated or alien). The resulting dataset was complemented with diverse indicators of the measured daily discharge at the nearest gauging site. Most of the significant relationships confirmed the role of antecedent hydrological conditions as limiting factors, although other environmental factors likely play additional roles. In general, richness and abundance of alien species showed the higher proportion of significant associations, particularly spring flows and annual minima and maxima. These flow-ecology relationships shall be particularly useful to manage ecological responses to hydrological alteration. They also provide with clear ecological foundations for developing environmental flows assessments in Mediterranean river basins worldwide, using holistic approaches which can harmonise eco-hydrological approaches with smaller-scale and habitat-based ecohydraulics methods, especially under the current climate trends.