Abstract
Fish bone is rich in calcium carbonate, which makes it an alternative source of low cost calcium carbonate for the synthesis of calcium phosphate bioceramic for use in bone regeneration. The calcium phosphate bioceramic was prepared by a wet precipitation method with acid and base reactions. The synthesized bioceramic was characterized in terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTRI), average crystallite size and refinement by the Rietveld method for the quantification of crystalline phases. The results indicated the formation of a biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramic comprising 67.6 % of β-calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP) and 32.1 % of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). This biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramic synthesized using fish bone waste presented nanostructured nature with an average crystallite size of 69.58 nm, which is very promising for biomedical applications.
Highlights
Around the world, bone defects are caused by trauma, excision, mutilation, extraction, or some abnormal developed tissue, resulting in a major global health problem around two millions bone repair procedures performed annually1
It was found that the synthesized powder is a biphasic mixture composed of tetragonal structured β-calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP, β-Ca2P2O7, PDF Card: 01-071-2123) and rhombohedral structured β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, β-Ca3(PO4)2, PDF Card: 01-072-7587), with predominance of the β-CPP phase
The powder of the synthesized biphasic calcium phosphate mixture has a mean crystallite size obtained by the Scherrer equation within the nanometric range of the order of 69.58 nm
Summary
Bone defects are caused by trauma, excision, mutilation, extraction, or some abnormal developed tissue, resulting in a major global health problem around two millions bone repair procedures performed annually. The field of materials engineering developed bone tissue engineering to induce bone regeneration, called bone grafts, which have been shown to have excellent osteogenic capacity, osteoinduction, and osseointegration. The field of materials engineering developed bone tissue engineering to induce bone regeneration, called bone grafts, which have been shown to have excellent osteogenic capacity, osteoinduction, and osseointegration2 These materials were called biomaterials or bone substitutes. Due to the structural and chemical similarities with bone, calcium phosphate-based biomaterials have good biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconductivity with implanted tissue. Hap particles have an inhibitory effect on the growth of osteoblast cell cultures. Hap particles have an inhibitory effect on the growth of osteoblast cell cultures5 This fact has attracted increasing interest in other calcium phosphate based materials
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