Abstract
The bulk of the products that were synthesized from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a wide range (C1–C70+) of hydrocarbons, primarily straight-chained paraffins. Additional hydrocarbon products, which can also be a majority, are linear olefins, specifically: 1-olefin, trans-2-olefin, and cis-2-olefin. Minor hydrocarbon products can include isomerized hydrocarbons, predominantly methyl-branched paraffin, cyclic hydrocarbons mainly derived from high-temperature FTS and internal olefins. Combined, these products provide 80–95% of the total products (excluding CO2) generated from syngas. A vast number of different oxygenated species, such as aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alcohols, are also embedded in this product range. These materials can be used to probe the FTS mechanism or to produce alternative chemicals. The purpose of this article is to compare the product selectivity over several FTS catalysts. Discussions center on typical product selectivity of commonly used catalysts, as well as some uncommon formulations that display selectivity anomalies. Reaction tests were conducted while using an isothermal continuously stirred tank reactor. Carbon mole percentages of CO that are converted to specific materials for Co, Fe, and Ru catalysts vary, but they depend on support type (especially with cobalt and ruthenium) and promoters (especially with iron). All three active metals produced linear alcohols as the major oxygenated product. In addition, only iron produced significant selectivities to acids, aldehydes, and ketones. Iron catalysts consistently produced the most isomerized products of the catalysts that were tested. Not only does product selectivity provide a fingerprint of the catalyst formulation, but it also points to a viable proposed mechanistic route.
Highlights
IntroductionFischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a pseudo-polymerization synthesis that is a key step in
The main Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) products elute in a specific order that is based on our analytical procedure (Figures 11 and 12), where the first peak is the 1-olefin, followed by the paraffin, trans-2-olefin, and lastly, the cis-2-olefin, which ranges from C2 to greater than C70
A variety of hydrocarbon products elute, in groups of the same carbon number, before the 4 major products. The majority of these are methyl branched paraffins and olefins that have the sp2 carbon greater than C2—i.e., more internally along the chain. These types of products tend to be more prevalent for iron than for ruthenium and cobalt
Summary
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