Abstract
The fiscal theory of the price level (FTPL) describes fiscal and monetary policy rules such that the price level is determined by government debt and fiscal policy alone, with monetary policy playing at best an indirect role. This theory clashes with the monetarist view that states that money supply is the primary determinant of the price level and inflation. Furthermore, many authors have argued that the fiscal rules upon which the FTPL relies are misspecified. We review the sources of disagreement, and highlight aspects upon which some consensus has emerged.KeywordsBudget deficitsCommodity moneyDebt crisesDynamic competitive equilibriumExogenous interest ratesFiscal theory of the price levelGovernment budget constraintInflationInterest rate pegInterest rate rulesIntertemporal budget constraintMonetarismMonetary policyMonetization of government debtMoney supply ruleMultiple equilibriaNominal interest ratePrice levelQuantity theory of moneyReal money balancesSeigniorageSunspotsUniqueness of equilibriumVelocity of circulationJEL ClassificationsD4D10
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