FISCAL POLICY AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS

Relevance of the research topic. In modern conditions, fiscal policy is an important tool for regulating economic processes, stimulating economic growth. Important factors influencing the vectors of fiscal policy are financial and economic endogenous and exogenous risks due to trends in national economic development and the intensification of globalization. Accordingly, the assessment of economic processes, financial and economic risks is an important condition for the formation and implementation of effective fiscal policy. Formulation of the problem. In the context of deteriorating trends in national economic development and intensification of globalization processes, important tasks are: substantiation of priority areas of fiscal policy, in particular on the formation of budget revenues and expenditures, ensuring economically justified level of raising social standards and public capital investment. At the same time, the basis of the quality level of fiscal policy implementation is its coherence with the strategic priorities of the country's socio-economic development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of formation and implementation of fiscal policy is quite common in research. These are the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, V. Tanzi, S. Kucherenko, L. Lysyak, L. Levaeva, I. Lukyanenko, M. Pasichny, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are relevant in connection with the deteriorating trend of economic development, the violation of fiscal stability and balance, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the formation and implementation of effective fiscal policy. Problem statement, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the role of fiscal policy in regulating socio-economic processes; substantiate the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in modern conditions; to analyze and evaluate the main tax revenues of the consolidated budget of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to reveal the directions of fiscal policy as a component of economic development. Method or methodology of the study. The article uses a set of research methods: a systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, synthesis, etc. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of fiscal policy in the regulation of socio-economic processes is revealed. The peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in modern conditions are substantiated. The analysis and estimation of the basic tax receipts of the consolidated budget of Ukraine is carried out. The directions of fiscal policy as a component of economic development are determined. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the formation and implementation of fiscal policy. Conclusions in accordance with the article. The validity of the implementation of fiscal policy is an important condition for achieving national socio-economic interests. In order to increase the effectiveness of fiscal policy as a component of economic development, at this stage, it is advisable to: ensure financial stability and implement measures to reduce the risk of imbalances, including modernization of infrastructure and basic sectors of the economy, effective protection of the domestic market and export support; stimulating investment processes in the economy.

The purpose of the article is to study the role of fiscal policy in the context of the development of institutional budget architectonics aimed at ensuring macroeconomic stability, boosting economic growth, strengthening human potential, improving public welfare and defining approaches to its formation in advanced and transition economies. Comparative and factor methods make it possible to cover the peculiarities of institutional environment of the formation of fiscal policy in EU countries and Ukraine in the context of the development of the institutional budget architectonics and to identify ways for its improvement. Methodology. Substantiation of the role of fiscal policy in terms of the development of institutional budget architectonics, determination of its strategic orientations are based on generalization and systematization of experience of advanced and transition economies. For this very reason, the authors analyse and assess the fiscal policy and define special aspects of the formation and implementation of its components in relevant countries. Results show that to increase the effectiveness of the fiscal policy, it is expedient to ensure its interrelation with other components of financial policy based on a combination of fiscal and motivation function. Effective institutional budget architectonics provides means for creating conditions for sustainable economic growth, achieving strategic goals of socio-economic development of the country. Significant tasks of the development of institutional budget architectonics are regulation of the ratio between direct and indirect tax revenues, the structure of budget expenditures in terms of functional, economic classifications, maintaining the budget gap and public debt at the level that contributes to the financial and economic stability of the country, taking into account economic cyclical nature. Practical implications. A feasible budget architectonics would facilitate the maintenance of macroeconomic stability and accelerate economic growth. It is expedient to carry out institutional changes of budget architectonics on the ground of dynamic interconnection of budget and macroeconomic indicators. Value/originality. Fiscal policy plays a significant part in the process of government regulation of socio-economic development of the country. Elaboration of fiscal policy approaches in the context of the development of institutional budget architectonics is an important prerequisite for improving the quality of budget planning, ensuring the strength, stability and dynamic balance of the budget system. It is advantageous to introduce adaptive institutional changes into the budget architectonics in order to accelerate economic growth. Therefore, the article covers the essence and role of institutional budget architectonics aimed at ensuring macroeconomic stability, accelerating economic growth, developing human potential, improving public welfare; it defines the approaches to its development in transition and advanced economies. The authors establish that effective fiscal policy based on feasible institutional budget architectonics provides means for creating conditions for sustainable economic growth, achieving strategic goals of socio-economic development of the country.

Relevance of the research topic. In the current conditions of development of social relations, the issues of increasing the validity of fiscal policy, using its regulatory potential for the proper fulfillment of tasks and functions entrusted to them by state bodies and local self-government bodies are actualized. An important task of fiscal policy is to improve its instruments aimed at accelerating economic growth. At the same time, the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in both the advanced and transformational economies are conditioned by a number of factors, the most important of which are: the level of economic growth and institutional capacity of the country. Formulation of the problem. Based on the transformation processes in the domestic system of public finances, the major tasks are: the reconciliation of fiscal policy with the strategic task of socio-economic development of the country, improving the architecture of budget revenues and expenditures; ensuring the concentration of limited budgetary resources in those sectors of the economy that will facilitate the acceleration of economic growth, which requires further scientific studies of theoretical and applied aspects of fiscal policy formulation and implementation, assessment of its impact on the level of economic growth. At the same time, the choice of fiscal policy instruments should be made taking into account the cyclical and dynamic economic processes. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of forming and implementing fiscal policy are quite common in scientific research. These are the works of well-known domestic and foreign scientists: J. Buchanan, W. Mitchell, J. M. Keynes, T. Bogolib, I. Zapatrina, L. Lisyak, I. Chugunov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. The aforementioned issues are updated due to the increasing globalization processes, the unfavorable external and internal economic environment, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the development of fiscal policy. Goal setting, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the nature and role of fiscal policy in ensuring economic growth, to substantiate the features of fiscal policy in the current conditions of development of the public finance system; to analyze and evaluate the consolidated budget revenues and expenditures; identify the main factors that influence the peculiarities of fiscal policy implementation; to open up provisions for improving the efficiency of the fiscal policy regulatory mechanism. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformation. Research method or methodology. The set of methods of scientific research is applied in the article: systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, etc. Basic material presentation (results of work). The essence and role of fiscal policy in ensuring the economic growth of the country are determined. The consolidated budget revenues and expenditures have been analyzed and estimated. The priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformations are substantiated. Area of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of forming and implementing fiscal policy of Ukraine, reforming the public finance system. Conclusions according to article. Fiscal policy is a dynamic system of goals, directions and tasks of public authorities and local self-government aimed at ensuring the stability, stability and balance of the budget system, further improving the institutional environment of budgetary relations, taking into account the cyclical and dynamic economic processes. Developing an effective fiscal policy involves developing a structural and functional model of fiscal policy that is based on the integration of institutional components of the budgetary space. Assessment of the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth should include a detailed analysis of the architecture of budgetary indicators, as well as an assessment of possible risks. In modern conditions of development of social relations the important tasks of fiscal policy are: optimization of the level of tax burden; improvement of the architectonics of budget expenditures (a significant share of budget expenditures goes to consumption); improving the architecture of budget revenues, in particular by changing the relationship between indirect and direct taxes; raising the level of the regulatory function of fiscal policy, in particular by supporting the development of major sectors of the economy. The article identifies strategic priorities of fiscal policy of economic growth in the context of institutional transformations.

This study examines foreign aid effectiveness in poverty reduction in Africa with focus on the role of regional fiscal policy on education and health. The study employs panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimation technique and covers the period 1980-2017. The results reveal that foreign aid augmented with effective fiscal policy on education significantly improves the income level in all the regions except Central Africa, and consumption in the Western and Central regions. When augmented with effective fiscal policy on health foreign aid enhances households’ income in West and Central Africa and consumption in West and Southern regions. Furthermore, foreign aid augmented with effective fiscal policy in education (health) reduces poverty headcount in the West and Central (in all regions except Central) regions of Africa. The study concludes that foreign aid augmented with fiscal policy on education improves income in all regions except Central Africa; and West and East Africa when augmented with health expenditure. To sustain the effectiveness of foreign aid in Africa there is the need to improve governments’ allocation to the health and education sectors to deepen households’ income.

This paper examines the effects of fiscal and monetary policies on the real sector under globalization by using the dynamic panel System-Generalized Method of Moments estimator technique with a sample of 79 countries during the 1998–2018 period. The paper primarily aimed to evaluate the roles of fiscal and monetary policies on the real sector by considering aspects of globalization. The results demonstrate that globalization has significantly distorted the role of expansionary fiscal policy on the real sector. Further, the role of monetary policy on the real sector has remained reliable under globalization in developing countries but not in developed countries. Moreover, the effects of economic globalization through trade and financial liberalization on the reliability of fiscal and monetary policies were also investigated. In accordance with the effects of globalization, trade and financial liberalization were found to distort the role of fiscal policy on the real sector; however, under trade liberalization, monetary policy was more effective for the industrial and service sectors than fiscal policy.

Abstract. This paper reviews the literature on the effects of fiscal policy in new open economy macroeconomics (NOEM) models, complementing it with additional results that attempt to clarify the importance of the exchange rate regime (fixed or flexible) and of the type of policy (balanced budget or debt‐financed). Fixed exchange rates only seem to postpone the costs from the short to the long run, but the type of policy is crucial in determining the welfare impact of fiscal expansions. The paper also reviews the recent literature on fiscal policy coordination and shows that there is already some evidence that the gains from coordination in this area can be potentially large but draw attention to the need for reflecting more on the role of fiscal policy as a stabilization tool and on possible interactions between fiscal and monetary policy.

This study investigates the comparative effect of fiscal and monetary policy on economic growth in Pakistan using annual time series data from 1981 to 2009. The cointegration result suggests that both monetary and fiscal policy have significant and positive effect on economic growth. The coefficient of monetary policy is much greater than fiscal policy which implies that monetary policy has more concerned with economic growth than fiscal policy in Pakistan. The implication of the study is that the policy makers should focus more on monetary policy than fiscal to enhance economic growth. The role of fiscal policy can be more effective for enhancing economic growth by eliminating corruption, leakages of resources and inappropriate use of resources. However, the combination and harmonization of both monetary and fiscal policy are highly recommended.

Urgency of the research. Target setting. Experience shows that industrialized countries are more successful in ensuring the efficiency and stability of the economy through effective fiscal policies. It is expedient to study the best international developments regarding fiscal decentralization processes in order to optimize the efficiency of Ukraine's fiscal policy implementation under different scenarios of economic development. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The significant contribution of domestic and foreign scientists to the development of the theory of fiscal decentralization should be noted, namely, it is advisable to distinguish significant scientific achievements of such scholars as: Dlugolsky O. V., Shamans'ka O. S., Demyanyshyn V.G., Bogdan T. P., T. Jenjeyevich, A. Alesina, F. Rocha, L. Lambertiini, engaged in research of problems on this subject. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The issue of optimizing the results of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine has not been efficiently developed by scientists. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to improve the methodological approach to optimizing the quantitative parameters of the effectiveness of the implementation of fiscal policy. The statement of basic materials. The article provides a cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine in accordance with the GRP per person and the level of intergovernmental transfers in 2015 with the help of the toolkit of the Statistica package, on the basis of which an optimization model of the effectiveness of fiscal policy implementation in different scenarios of the economic development of Ukraine is proposed which is based on the definition of the target function of maximizing the fiscal decentralization index. Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed optimization model will increase the independence and capacity of Ukraine's territories and reduce the level of intergovernmental transfers. This approach will allow a fair competition in the regions, providing favorable conditions for investors to place production in certain areas.

the recent real-world events have brought back to the attention of private citizens the role of discretionary fiscal policy for the purpose of stabilizing the economy. Policymakers in the united Kingdom, united States, China, France, Germany, and Spain, just to mention a few, have all proposed a fiscal stimulus in order to prevent the 2007–8 financial crisis and real economic slowdown from leading their economies into a 1930s-style depression. Academics have been forced to catch up with real-world events, but not without problems. the past two decades have seen a spectacular convergence in macroeconomics between new classical economics and new Keynesian economics. the “three-equation new consensus macroeconomic model” is the outcome of this convergence. the main policy implication of the model is that all that matters for stabilization purposes is monetary policy, which now takes the form of interest rate management with the aim of hitting a particular inflation target. the three -equation new consensus macroeconomic model has no role for fiscal policy, except for limiting any interference with the use of monetary policy and balancing the budget of the government. Post Keynesians have always been on the front line in defending a stabilization role for fiscal policy. however, with few exceptions, the reader will look in vain for recent Post Keynesian papers on the role of fiscal policy in modern macroeconomics. It is really astonishing that the journals that typically publish contributions within the Post Keynesian tradition have few or no papers dealing with the stabilization role of discretionary fiscal policy. the purpose of this symposium is to amend this

A meaningful discussion of the role and effectiveness of fiscal policy is not possible within the context of the antiquated textbook models, which in their current and likely future form (the ‘New Neo-Classical Synthesis) have been used to endorse the deflationary bias in macroeconomic policy formulation during recent decades. This paper present a critique of the ‘mainstream’ textbook modelling of fiscal policy, and suggests a more meaningful framework in which to consider the role of fiscal policy; a framework which in particular recognises the realities of endogenous money and interest rate targeting by central banks.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE FISCAL POLICY OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF A DIGITAL ECONOMY

CPB and Dutch Fiscal Policy in View of the Financial Crisis and Ageing

The purpose of this research is to analyze the most effective policy on output and price. From several literature studies that have been done by many economists only see the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy on output alone. No authors find the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy on prices. Though macroeconomic variables are not only output but there are many other macroeconomic variables. One such macroeconomic variable is price. The data in this study is in the form of time series from 1970-2015. Fiscal policy uses real government expenditure data, monetary policy uses real money supply data, output uses real GDP data, and prices using Consumer Price Index data (CPI). Data analysis techniques use Vector Auto Regressive (VAR), Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD). A policy is said to be effective if the FEVD method shocks one policy against output variability and the price is greatest compared to other policies. The conclusions of this study indicate that Fiscal Policy is more effective against output and prices in Indonesia compared to Monetary Policy. The effectiveness of Fiscal Policy compared to Monetary Policy can be seen from the contribution of shock Fiscal Policy to the variability of output and prices greater than Monetary Policy. Based on these conclusions, it is suggested to the government through the relevant ministries and Bank Indonesia always maintain the interaction and synergy between Fiscal Policy and monetary to macroeconomic variables.

In the light of growing economic challenges and in the time of the war, the role of fiscal policy in macro-financial stability becomes extremely important for ensuring economic stability and development in Ukraine. Fiscal policy as an important mechanism for managing the state's financial flows, determines not only the amount of tax revenues and expenditures, but also affects inflation, employment, and other macroeconomic indicators. Consideration of its role in the context of macro-financial stability is of strategic importance for the development of effective strategies for managing economic resources and ensuring the sustainability of the country's economy. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of fiscal policy in the macro-financial stability of Ukraine. The study used general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, a critical analysis of the available scientific literature on the implementation of the state fiscal policy and its impact on macro-financial stability and economic growth, data compilation related to the systematization of tasks and principles, as well as methods of induction and deduction. It reveals how effective fiscal policy can act as an effective tool for maintaining stability, avoiding the growth of public debt, and directing resources to strategically important sectors of the economy, contributing to the sustainable economic development of the country in conditions of uncertainty and conflict. Effective implementa- tion of fiscal policy enables the government to manage economic cycles, smooth out imbalances, and respond to fiscal shocks. This contributes to the formation of the country's financial security, increasing its competitiveness and limiting the shadow economy. It is concluded that fiscal policy plays a significant role in the formation of financial and economic security of the country, and significantly affects the competitiveness of the national economy even for the development of the shadow economy. The publication analyzes important elements of interaction between fiscal policy and the macro-financial stability of the State. It is concluded that a decrease in tax pressure or an increase in expenditures in certain sectors of the economy will affect macro-financial stability, ensuring a balance between financial resources and public needs.

The relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in promoting economic growth is not sufficiently examined at the empirical level for developing countries, including Egypt in particular. Hence, this paper is the first attempt to empirically examine the relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in promoting Egypt’s output growth utilizing a time-series data set over the time-period (1960–2019). The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach to cointegration to investigate the long run and short run effects of fiscal and monetary policies on Egypt’s output growth under a modified version of the St. Louis equation model. The study finds that both monetary and fiscal policies have a positive impact on the economic activity in the long run. However, while monetary policy seems to be more effective than fiscal policy in stimulating the growth rate of nominal GDP, fiscal policy tends to have a larger, more predictable and faster impact than monetary policy on the real economic activity. Accordingly, Egypt’s policymakers are advised to follow the Keynesian’s prescription in terms of increasing the reliance on fiscal policy compared to monetary policy to achieve macroeconomic stability in both the short run and long run.