Fiscal Policy and hbox {CO}_{2} Emissions of New Passenger Cars in the EU

Abstract

To what extent have national fiscal policies contributed to the decarbonisation of newly sold passenger cars? We construct a simple model that generates predictions regarding the effect of fiscal policies on average hbox {CO}_{2} emissions of new cars, and then test the model empirically. Our empirical strategy combines a diverse series of data. First, we use a large database of vehicle-specific taxes in 15 EU countries over 2001–2010 to construct a measure for the vehicle registration and annual road tax levels, and separately, for the hbox {CO}_{2} sensitivity of these taxes. We find that for many countries the fiscal policies have become more sensitive to hbox {CO}_{2} emissions of new cars. We then use these constructed measures to estimate the effect of fiscal policies on the hbox {CO}_{2} emissions of the new car fleet. The increased hbox {CO}_{2}-sensitivity of registration taxes have reduced the hbox {CO}_{2} emission intensity of the average new car by 1.3 %, partly through an induced increase of the share of diesel-fuelled cars by 6.5 percentage points. Higher fuel taxes lead to the purchase of more fuel efficient cars, but higher diesel fuel taxes also decrease the share of (more fuel efficient) diesel cars; higher annual road taxes have no or an adverse effect.