First Sacral Pedicle-A Morphometric Analysis

Abstract

Background: Human osteology varied in various phases of human evolution. The morphology and morphometry of bones varies across different geographical areas in response to the climatic (topographical) and hereditary factors. Knowledge on Osteology plays a vital role in anthropological studies, forensic aspect, diagnostic and interventional aspects in the field of surgery. Human sacrum is a triangular fusion of five vertebrae. It forms the postero superior wall of the pelvic cavity. Sacral pedicle screw fixations are becoming increasingly popular now a days in interventions like posterior transpedicular screw fixation, pediculocorporeal screw placement for the treatment of unstable lumbosacral spine caused due to trauma, degenerative changes, malignancies and congenital anomalies. Lumbosacral spondylosis is best treated by spinal external fixation. Methods and Results: In this study of 30 sacra in adults (15 males & 15 females), the first sacral pedicle morphometry with parameters like H distance, W distance, XP distance, T angle and AM angle were measured using vernier caliper & goniometer. The total H distance, W distance, XP distance, T angle and AM angle were 20.85 ± 2.46 mm, 21.76 ± 2.50 mm,46.21 ± 3.68mm, 43.17 ± 2.74° and 34.07 ± 2.15° respectively on the right side. The total H distance, W distance, XP distance, T angle and AM angle were 21.33 ± 2.73 mm, 21.69 ± 2.61 mm,45.89 ± 3.58 mm, 43.30 ± 1.69° and 34.17 ± 1.95° respectively on the left side. The results were documented in males and females along with their right and left sides respectively. Conclusion: To update knowledge of human sacrum which proves mandatory for the Forensic, Radiology, orthopaedic fields and to help as a marker for interventions like posterior transpedicular screw fixation, pediculocorporeal screw placement for the treatment of unstable lumbosacral spine caused due to trauma, degenerative changes, malignancies and congenital anomalies, the study has been carried out. K