First Report of Stem Rot and Wilt of Sunflower Caused by Sclerotinia minor in Spain.

Abstract

In 2001, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants with symptoms of stem and root rot and wilt were observed in Soria, Spain. Light brown, water-soaked lesions developed on the collar of infected plants and extended along the stem, affecting the pith and causing early and sudden wilt. White mycelium and sclerotia (0.5 to 2 mm long) formed in the pith of stems. The sclerotia were disinfested in NaClO (10% vol/vol) for 1 min, transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 20°C. The fungus consistently obtained was identified as Sclerotinia minor Jagger (1). Pathogenicity was confirmed in a greenhouse experiment (15 to 25°C, 13 h light). Seven-week-old plants of six genotypes of sunflower ('Peredovik', HA89, HA821, HA61, RHA274, and HA337) were inoculated by placing one PDA disk with active mycelial growth adjacent to each basal stem just below the soil line and covering it with peat/sand/silt (2:2:1, vol/vol). Six plants of each genotype were inoculated without wounding, and another six were inoculated immediately after stem base wounding with a scalpel; six wounded and uninoculated plants were used as controls. First symptoms (wilting) appeared 4 days after inoculation in all genotypes. Two weeks after inoculation, the percentage of dead plants ranged from 33 to 92% (depending on cultivar), white mycelium was observed at the base of affected plants, and sclerotia were present in the pith of diseased plants. There was no effect of plant wounding on disease incidence or severity, and the fungus was reisolated from inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. minor in Spain. Reference: (1) L. M. Kohn. Mycotaxon IX 2:365, 1979.