First Report of Powdery Mildew on Carrot Caused by Erysiphe heraclei in Michoacan, Mexico

Abstract

Carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.) is planted as a home-grown vegetable in the central region of Michoacan, Mexico. Powdery mildew was observed on carrot plants cv. Nantesa at several locations near Morelia, Michoacan during March 2009. Affected plants had abundant, white, superficial conidia and mycelium on leaves and stems. All plants at each of five locations surveyed had powdery mildew symptoms with percent foliage coverage ranging from 50 to 80%. Mycelial growth was amphigenous, mainly on the upper leaf surface, covering the whole leaf and with irregular patches on inflorescences and stems. Hyphae were ectophytic with lobed appressoria. Conidiophores presented foot cells 22.5 to 35 (30) × 5.75 to 7 (6.3) μm followed by two cells, one shorter and one longer than the foot cell. Conidia were produced singly, most subcylindric to cylindric, lacked fibrosin bodies, and measured 31.2 to 42 (36.2) × 8.7 to 11.2 (10.5) μm. The teleomorph was not observed. Genomic DNA was extracted from infected leaves; sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) inclusive of 5.8S rDNA were amplified using previously described primers specific for Erysiphales (3). The ITS sequences shared 100% homology to Erysiphe heraclei specimen VPRI41227 from carrot in Australia (GenBank Accession No. EU371725). On the basis of the morphological characteristics observed and the ITS rDNA sequences, the pathogen was identified as E. heraclei DC. The ITS sequence was deposited in NCBI as Accession No. GU252368. Pathogenicity tests were conducted twice on a total of 10 healthy 8-week-old carrot plants cv. Nantesa. Infected plants were placed in close proximity to healthy plants and maintained in a greenhouse at 27 ± 5°C. Initial signs and symptoms were observed 3 weeks after inoculation and appeared as small, white colonies, which later coalesced and covered most of the foliage. Microscopic examination of the conidia and mycelial morphology matched the originally described pathogen, E. heraclei. Powdery mildew caused by this pathogen has been extensively reported on diverse species and genera of the Apiaceae in Europe and remains one of the most important diseases of carrot (2). The appearance of E. heraclei in diverse regions on a variety of umbelliferous crops indicates that formae speciales have spread, infecting different and specific hosts (1-3). Recently, E. heraclei has been reported on parsley in Puebla, Mexico (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. heraclei causing powdery mildew on carrot in Michoacan, Mexico. This pathogen should be considered as a threat to commercial carrot crops in Mexico. Other crops in the Apiaceae may not be at risk in this area if this powdery mildew is specific for carrots.