Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic alkaloid produced by cyanobacteria. The distribution of this toxin is expanding around the world and the number of cyanobacteria species producing this toxin is also increasing. CYN was detected for the first time in Turkey during the summer months of 2013. The responsible species were identified as Dolichospermum (Anabaena) mendotae and Chrysosporum (Aphanizomenon) ovalisporum. The D. mendotae increased in May, however, C. ovalisporum formed a prolonged bloom in August. CYN concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS and ranged from 0.12 µg·mg−1to 4.92 µg·mg−1 as dry weight, respectively. Both species were the only cyanobacteria actively growing and CYN production was attributed solely to these species. Despite CYN production by C. ovalisporum being a well-known phenomenon, to our knowledge, this is the first report of CYN found in D. mendotae bloom.
Highlights
Toxins produced by cyanobacteria are increasingly documented around the world and problems related to toxins in water bodies have received more attention in recent years
This study describes the presence of CYN in Dolichospermum (Anabaena) mendotae bloom for the first time in the world and contributes to the increasing prevalence and distribution of CYN, since it is the first report of CYN from Turkey
Water sample was filtered through a GF/C filter in May 2013 when D. mendotae increased in high numbers and C. ovalisporum was separated from water by using its buoyancy in August 2013
Summary
Toxins produced by cyanobacteria are increasingly documented around the world and problems related to toxins in water bodies have received more attention in recent years. Recent studies showed that CYN has genotoxic effects on hepatocytic and enterocytic model cell lines of the human [5] and even lymphocyte cells [6] It is named after Cylindrospermopsis raciborski which originates from tropical lakes of Australia and Africa, there are other cyanobacterial species (Anabaena bergii, Anabaena lapponica, Aphanizomenon gracile, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, A. flos-aquae, Lyngbya wollei, Raphidiopsis curvata, R. mediterranea and Umezakia natans), known to produce cylindrospermopsin [7]. The blooms of C. raciborskii generally appear to be non-toxic in Europe [8] Another important cylindrospermopsin producer is Chrysosporum (Aphanizomenon) ovalisporum. This species was first described by Forti [9] from Lake Küçükçekmece, Turkey. This study describes the presence of CYN in Dolichospermum (Anabaena) mendotae bloom for the first time in the world and contributes to the increasing prevalence and distribution of CYN, since it is the first report of CYN from Turkey
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