First report of Cucumber mosaic virus infecting watermelon in Greece and Bulgaria

Abstract

In 2014, a total of 108 symptomatic watermelon samples were collected in Greece and analyzed by DAS-ELISA using polyclonal antisera (INRA, Montfavet) against the most common aphid-transmitted viruses. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was detected in eight of 108 plants tested. Five of these plants collected at Lesvos were also infected with Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), whereas three plants from Prohoma had single infections. Five samples with severe stunting and yellowing collected at Asenovgrad (Bulgaria) in 2013 and tested by DAS-ELISA for the above viruses hosted CMV and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV). To confirm CMV presence in watermelon, a nested RT-PCR assay was carried out first with the degenerated primers CMVup624a (5′-ATGGACAAATCTGRATC- 3′) and CMVdo1244a (5′-TGRTGCTCRAYGTCKACATGA-3′) followed by CMVup624b (5′-GGACAAA TCTGRA TCTCCCAA TGC-3′) and CMVdo1244b (5′- TGCTCRAYGTCRACATGAAG-3′) that amplify a 622 bp region from the viral coat protein gene. Total RNA (Chatzinasiou et al., 2010, method A) extracted from all ELISA- positive watermelon samples from both countries and from two healthy watermelon plants was used as template in nested RT-PCR. A product of the expected size was amplified from all serologically CMV-positive samples, but not from the healthy ones. The Greek CMV isolates from Lesvos (LN810059) and Prohoma (LN810060) showed 99% nucleotide sequence identity with potato (AB448694) and tomato (EF153734) CMV isolates from Syria and India, while the Bulgarian isolate (LN810058) showed 99% nucleotide sequence identity with an Indian cucumber isolate (JF279608). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Greek CMV isolate (LN810059) belongs to sub-group IA, while the Bulgarian isolate and a Greek isolate (LN810060) belong to sub-group IB. To our knowledge this is the first report of CMV infecting watermelons in Greece and Bulgaria.