First report of Cactodera milleri Graney and Bird, 1990 from Colorado and Minnesota.

Maria N. Hult,Mihail R. Kantor,Saad L. Hafez,Kimberly Sigurdson,Kathryn Kromroy,Michelle Grabowski,Zafar A. Handoo,Andrea M. Skantar

doi:10.21307/jofnem-2021-017

Abstract

In 2019, Cactodera milleri cysts were discovered from soil samples collected from a Chenopodium quinoa field, located in Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. Approximately 200 lemon shaped cysts and several hundred juveniles were recovered from the affected quinoa plants. The same species was also identified from several counties in Minnesota from samples submitted over the years by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture as part of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) efforts to survey states for the presence of Pale Potato Cyst Nematode. The cysts and juveniles (J2) were recovered from soil samples through sieving and Baermann funnel extraction. The nematode species was identified by both morphological and molecular means as Cactodera milleri (Graney and Bird, 1990). To our knowledge this represents the first report of Cactodera milleri from Colorado and Minnesota.

Highlights

The genus Cactodera (Krall and Krall, 1978) currently includes 16 species (Escobar-Avilia et al, 2020)
The sample was sent to University of Idaho for identification (SH) who in turn forwarded the extracted cysts to the Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory (MNGDBL) for identification purposes
In September of 2011, the Nematology Laboratory at Beltsville, MD analyzed and found C. milleri in a soil sample received from Mosca, Alamosa County, Colorado but at that time the presence of this nematode species in Colorado was not reported

Summary

Introduction

The genus Cactodera (Krall and Krall, 1978) currently includes 16 species (Escobar-Avilia et al, 2020). In September of 2011, the Nematology Laboratory at Beltsville, MD analyzed and found C. milleri in a soil sample received from Mosca, Alamosa County, Colorado but at that time the presence of this nematode species in Colorado was not reported. Living nematode juveniles (J2) recovered from the cysts were examined morphologically and molecularly for species identification.

Results

Conclusion