First Report of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Watermelon Caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in Illinois.

Abstract

In August 2001, symptomatic mature fruit of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cvs. Crimson Sweet and Royal Sweet were collected from six fields (48 ha) in Iroquois, Kankakee, and Mason counties in Illinois. The fruit surface had dark green, water-soaked lesions, and the rind's epidermis was cracked. Sections of infected rind were examined with a light microscope, and bacterial streaming was observed. Rind tissue was disinfested by rubbing the fruit surface with a paper towel moistened with 70% ethanol. Pieces of rind from the margins of lesions were placed in a test tube containing sterile-distilled water. The tube was shaken, and the suspension was streaked on King's medium B agar in petri plates. The plates were incubated at 26°C for 3 days. A nonfluorescent, gramnegative, anaerobic, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated that produced creamy white colonies on nutrient agar. The bacterium was identified as Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test specific for A. avenae subsp. citrulli (kit PSA 14,800; Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). The disease was diagnosed as bacterial fruit blotch (1,2). The occurrence of bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon in Illinois is important because (i) watermelon is widely grown in Illinois, (ii) the pathogen also infects melons and pumpkins, and (iii) Illinois grows approximately 1,000 ha of melons and 8,000 ha of pumpkins.