Abstract
Widespread use of azoles in clinical and environmental settings has favored the selection of azole-resistant Aspergillus species necessitating antifungal susceptibility studies understanding their prevalence and resistance profiles in those settings. However, there is still limited information available on these strains in Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental prevalence of Azole-resistance Aspergillus strains in poultry feed in Kabale, South West Uganda. The study evaluated the susceptibility profile of Aspergillus and other fungi isolates from 10 poultry feeds across 10 different commercial outlets. Isolates were first identified using rDNA 18S genomic sequencing via ITS 1 and 2 primer combination and confirmed using Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Seventeen fungal strains were identified of which Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent. All Aspergillus and one Penicillium isolates were further screened for azole-resistance using azole-containing agar plates (itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole) and fluconazole antifungal susceptibility strip method at 4 mg/L, which was the first line of treatment. Aspergillus chevalieri, A. tamari, A. flavus, P. citrinum fungi isolates showed resistance to fluconazole. The EUCAST susceptibility testing method did not show any of the isolates resistant to tested azoles (itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavoriconazole) or amphotericin B. Overall, we found resistance to fluconazole. This study is the first investigative study of Aspergillus species in poultry feed in Kabale, South West, Uganda.
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