Abstract
A total of six soil samples were collected around rhizosphere of citrus plants during 2010 from Melkassa Agricultural Research Center experimental station, Ethiopia. From these samples two most important ecto-plant parasitic nematodes of the genusXiphinemawere found and analysed. The genusXiphinemais a large group of the phylum nematoda which constitutes more than 260 species. They are polyphagous root- ectoparasites of many crop plants and some species of this genus cause damage by direct feeding on root tips and transmit nepoviruses. The delimitation and discrimination of two species in the genus is presented, described herein asXiphinemaelongatumandXiphinemapachtaicum. Morphological and morphometric data were done using light microscopy and results of both species were fit within the previously described nematode species ofXiphinemaelongatumandXiphinemapachtaicum. 18S rDNA were analysed using Bayesian inference (BI) method to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the studiedXiphinemasp. (KP407872Xiphinemaelongatumand KP407873Xiphinemapachtaicum) with otherXiphinemaspecies. The 18S rDNA sequence ofXiphinemapachtaicumwas alike to previously described species from the GenBank butXiphinemaelongatumexhibited very small levels of nucleotides differences (0.4%) which might be possible intra-specific divergence. Though this region of rDNA has less resolution on complex species, its combination with morphological and morphometric analyses, suggests these species asXiphinemaelongatumandXiphinemapachtaicumwith the GenBank accession number of KP407872 and KP407873, respectively. Short notes, morphological measurements, illustrations, and molecular data are given to these species. These species are reported for the first time from Ethiopia and it provides new geographical information of these organisms.
Highlights
The ecto-parasitic longidorid nematodes of the genus Xiphinema is amongst the ten most economically important plant parasitic nematode genera (Sasser and Freckman 1987)
Xiphinema is the largest genus of the phylum Nematoda (Andrassy 2007) and currently has more than 260 valid species, of which approximately 50 species belong to the X. americanum group (Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez et al 2013; Oliveira and Neilson 2006)
Because of their economic importance, species of the Xiphinema americanum group are listed as A1 quarantine organisms by European and Mediterranean plant protection organization (EPPO 2011; Decraemer and Robbins 2007)
Summary
The ecto-parasitic longidorid nematodes of the genus Xiphinema is amongst the ten most economically important plant parasitic nematode genera (Sasser and Freckman 1987). Xiphinema is the largest genus of the phylum Nematoda (Andrassy 2007) and currently has more than 260 valid species, of which approximately 50 species belong to the X. americanum group (Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez et al 2013; Oliveira and Neilson 2006). Two Xiphinema species, X. elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1939 and X. pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1939) were found and are described using morphology, morphometric data and molecular phylogenetic analyses. These findings represent new records from Ethiopia as well it represents new geographical information
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