Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of Xanthopastis timais (Cramer, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum Hort., Amaryllidaceae), as well as estimating lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC99) of soursop seed extract, Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), against its larvae. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology of the Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, in Rio Largo-AL, Brazil. First, we collected caterpillars from amaryllis plants that were reared until pupal and adult stages (parental generation). Next, part of the adults was used for species identification, and the rest were bred to produce next generation (F1), being after that applied in a laboratory bioassay. The lab trial was performed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and five replications containing three second-instar caterpillars. These larvae were fed pieces of amaryllis leaf (4 x 4 cm), which were previously soaked in treatments for 30 seconds and, air -dried on absorbent papers for one hour. Each treatment consisted of one concentration of ethanol extract of soursop seeds (0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625% w/ v) with distilled water and DMSO at 1% (v/ v), for solutions. We noted that the lethal concentrations LC50 and LC99 were 0.29% (w/ v) and 2.27% (w/ v), respectively. In view of our results, we can state that larval stage of X. timais were influenced by extract application in terms of survival, mortality, larvae weight and larval stage length. Besides of that, it was the first time this species was recorded in Alagoas state.
Highlights
Brazilian flower market is one of the most promising niches in contemporary agribusiness
The aim of this research was first to register the occurrence of X. timais in amaryllis grown in Alagoas state (Brazil), and assessing the toxic effects of ethanol extracts from soursop seeds (A. muricata) on larval stage of this moth at LC50 and LC99 lethal concentrations
It was stated the first record of Xanthopastis timais (CRAMER, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Hadeninae: Noctuidae) in Alagoas state
Summary
Brazilian flower market is one of the most promising niches in contemporary agribusiness. The major growing states are São Paulo (Holambra city) and Ceará (Paraipaba city); the latter is fully focused on bulb production for exports (TOMBOLATO et al, 2010) This plant is demanded and cultivated because of its exotic and attracting flowers. It rarely prospers in Brazilian environments due to severe and intense attacks of Xanthopastis timais (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (GIL-SANTANA; NIHEI; NUNEZ, 2014). Such insect has as main host plants belonging to the genera Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae and Liliaceae (TIETZ, 1972); it was found in Lactuca sp. Adults live for eight to ten days, with each generation lasting for seven to eight weeks and producing up to six of them per year (BOURQUIN, 1935; HEPPNER, BARBARA, BUSS, 2009)
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