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Abstract
Several anomalies in the skeleton of fishes have been identified since the last century, generally caused by genetic and/or epigenetic factors. The pughead condition is an anomaly present in the cranial bones that can lead to some consequences many of which are related to feeding. Here we reported the pugheadedness in a specimen of Crenicichla, in the rio Uruguai basin, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The bulging eyeballs, retraction of the premaxilla, and consequent un-closure of the mouth are the most visible characteristics in this specimen. Since this area is surrounded by plantations, water pollution could be a potential driver of this anomaly. However, further investigation is needed to establish the cause of pugheadedness in this specimen.
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