Abstract
First ever record of family Xenasteiidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Cyclorrhapha) from mainland India is provided. Most of the previous records of this family are from coastal sites, as they have usually been found on islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. For the first time biology and life stages of <em>Xenasteia</em> are illustrated. <em>Xenasteia</em> members were found associated with an exotic rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW) colony of <em>Aleurodicus rugioperculatus</em> Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the coastal areas of Karnataka in southern India, however no direct obligate association could be diagnosed. Also for the first time <em>Anagyrus</em> sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was recorded from the genus <em>Xenasteia</em> as its solitary parasitoid. Worldwide, this is the first ever report of parasitism associated with any member of this little-known family Xenasteiidae.
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