Abstract
A survey to identify virus diseases affecting faba bean(Vicia faba) in Iraq was conducted during April 2000.Around 4400 samples were collected from 36 faba beanfields distributed in five governorates (ten in Baghdad,nine in Al-Anbar, three in Diyala, five in At-Tamim andnine in Ninawa). These samples were tested for thepresence of 12 different viruses by tissue-blot immu-noassay (Lin et al., 1990), using a battery of polyclonaland monoclonal antibodies. Rabbit polyclonal antiseraspecific for Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CCDV)(Horn et al., 1993); Broad bean true mosaic virus(BBTMV) (from H. Rohloff, BBA, Braunschweig,Germany); Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV); Pea enationmosaic virus (PEMV) (from IPO, Wageningen, theNetherlands); Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV); Bean yellowmosaic virus (BYMV); Broad bean mottle virus(BBMV); Broad bean stain virus (BBSV); Cucumbermosaic virus (CMV); and Pea seed-borne mosaic virus(PSbMV) (from Virology Laboratory, ICARDA,Aleppo, Syria) were used, in addition to a monoclonalspecific for Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV)(Franz et al., 1996) and a broad-spectrum legumeluteovirus monoclonal (5G4) (Katul, 1992). To identifyspecific luteoviruses, samples that tested positive usingmonoclonal 5G4 were tested against five furthermonoclonals: Beet western yellows virus (BWYV)(ATCC PVAS-647); Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) (ATCCPVAS-650); Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) (ATCC PVAS-649); and Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) (4B10) and 6F9,which reacts with either BLRV or SbDV (Katul, 1992).BYMV was the most abundant virus in faba bean inIraq, identified in 68% of test samples. In 50% of thefields surveyed, BYMV was identified at extremely highlevels (80–100% infection). BWYV was detected in 135samples collected from 15 fields from all five governor-ates. Two fields in the Ninawa governorate were highlyinfected with BWYV (62 and 96%). CCDV wasdetected in eight samples collected from three fields(two in El-Anbar and one in Ninawa), and FBNYV wasdetected in seven samples collected from two fields inNinawa governorate.This is the first record of BWYV, CCDV and FBNYVaffecting faba bean in Iraq. Other viruses such as AMV,BBWVand CMV were detected in fewer than 1% of thesamples tested. BBMV, BBSV, BBTMV, PEMV andPSbMV were not detected in any of the samples.
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