First-principles investigation of the role of registry relaxations on stepped Cu(100) surfaces

Abstract

The multilayer relaxations of the 311 , 511 , 711 , and 911 Cu surfaces are investigated using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave FLAPW method. We found relaxation sequences like −+− , −−+− , −−−+− , and −−−−+− for 311 , 511 , 711 , and 911 , respectively, where the − and + signs indicate contraction and expansion, respectively, of the interlayer spacing. Furthermore, we found that the first-neighbor distances between the Cu atoms in the step edges do not depend on the surface termination, i.e., dSC−CC is the same for all studied surfaces. Our FLAPW relaxation sequences are in full agreement with quantitative low-energy electron diffraction LEED results, as well as with the multilayer relaxationcoordination trend proposed recently. However, large discrepancies are found for the magnitude of the interlayer relaxations, particularly for those involving atoms at the step edges. From our calculations, we suggest that these discrepancies are due to the fact that the atomic displacements parallel to the surface were not take into account in the quantitative analysis of the LEED intensities, which we found to play an important role for a quantitative description of the stepped Cu 2n−1, 11 surfaces.