Abstract
Bistability is an ubiquitous phenomenon in biological systems, and always plays important roles in cell division, differentiation, cancer onset, apoptosis and so on. However, stochastic fluctuations in bistable systems are still hard to understand. To address this issue, we propose a chemical master equation model for a minimal bistable system, which underlies generally bistable systems. For this master equation model, we mainly focus on the mean first passage times (MFPTs) by respectively using Gillespie algorithm and an approximation method of the large deviation theory, and does on minimum actions along optimal transition paths from OFF to ON states by the large deviation theory. Further, we find that for this stochastic system the MFPTs have different change tendencies compared to the corresponding minimum actions. Our results of this minimal stochastic model can also well understand more general bistable systems.
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