First observations of perfluorooctane sulfonate occurrence and depuration from Sydney Rock Oysters, Saccostrea glomerata, in Port Stephens NSW Australia

Abstract

Following the discovery of potential chronic perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination of Tilligerry Creek, Port Stephens (New South Wales Australia), sampling was undertaken to confirm the presence, extent and levels of contamination in commercial oyster crops of Sydney Rock Oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) and Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) grown within the estuary. Among a range of PFAS tested, only perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected. Concentrations of PFOS in oyster tissues for S. glomerata ranged from 1.6μgkg−1 ww (wet weight) to below the limit of reporting of 0.3μgkg−1 ww, with concentrations generally decreasing toward the lower reaches of the estuary. The sample of C. gigas tested had a PFOS concentration of 0.71μgkg−1 ww that was consistent with concentrations observed in nearby S. glomerata. For harvest size (50–60g) S. glomerata, both holding contaminated oysters in a depuration system, and relocation to a non-contaminated area, saw significant reductions in the tissue PFOS concentrations. For oysters held in a depuration system, PFOS depurated at a rate of 0.008h−1 (0.004–0.019h−1; 90% CI), which corresponded with a depuration half-life of 87h (35–155h; 90%). A more conservative model (fitted to data that assumed concentrations<LOR were equal 0.5·LOR) predicted a depuration half-life of 131h. PFOS concentrations had fallen to below detectable limits within 162h. Similar decreases were observed in relocated oysters.