Abstract
Abstract Christ or Jewish patriarchs got assimilated to the Stoic ideal of freedom from emotion (apatheia) by reinterpreting their apparent emotions as first movements or ‘prepassions’: Philo the Jew, Origen, Didymus the Blind, Jerome, Augustine. But the Stoic idea was transformed in Origen from non-cognitive shocks to ‘bad thoughts’. These are sometimes temptations and they are no longer so sharply distinguished from emotions as in the Stoics, although they do, at least in the case of Christ, fall short of sin. The Stoic theory of avoiding emotion became a theory of resisting temptation, and the concentration on thoughts opened up new gradations of question about whether one dwelt on the thought, enjoyed it, or put oneself in the way of it.
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