Abstract
Abstract Clausidium Kossman, 1874 is a genus of copepods that is found in subtropical to temperate coastal areas. All species of the genus occur on the bodies of mud shrimp of the families Callianassidae and Upogebiidae. Based on morphological data from light scanning and confocal laser scanning microscopy, there are four species of Clausidium copepod in Iran. In this study we address Clausidium iranensis Sepahvand, Kihara and Boxshall, 2019 and Clausidium persiaensis Sepahvand and Kihara, 2017 that were reported on the body of the burrowing shrimps Neocallichirus jousseaumei (Nobili, 1904) and Callianidea typa Milne Edwards, 1837, respectively. We undertook analyses of mitochondrial DNA gene sequences (CO1) to evaluate taxonomic status and taxonomic relationships of the Clausidium species. The result demonstrates that two major clades, with strong support, can be identified within the Clausidium copepods in the southern waters of Iran, representing distinct taxonomic entities at the species rank. Our data indicate that CO1 can be a powerful tool for species identification and delimitation. In the case of Clausidium copepods, the general utility of CO1 for taxonomic relationship inferences within a genus or a family is still under investigated. Our study adds the first genetic data from these copepods from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.
Highlights
Biological research, including biodiversity and ocean monitoring, require accurate species records and continuous observation (DeSalle and Amato, 2004)
In all trees, Clausidium grouped into two major clades: one clade included sequences from Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf as C. iranensis, while the other included samples from the Oman Gulf as C. persiaensis
Of these clades was strongly supported by Bayesian Inference (BI) posterior probability, Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap values (1/100/100 respectively for all the Clausidium clades) (Fig. 3)
Summary
Biological research, including biodiversity and ocean monitoring, require accurate species records and continuous observation (DeSalle and Amato, 2004). Morphological approaches lack the resolution to identify cryptic taxa or deal with morphological plasticity (Hebert et al, 2004; Pfenninger et al, 2006). Molecular approaches have been broadly used to provide a faster and more precise species identification for many taxa (Tautz et al, 2003; Vogler and Monaghan 2007; Pereira et al, 2008). In spite of the recent progress in other diverse genetic and genomic indicators, the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene remains a useful, and in some cases unique, diagnostic character for species-level identification of copepods (Blanco-Bercial et al, 2014)
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