First molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in stray cats and dogs in Morocco

Abstract

Background: Infections, which are caused by species of Bartonella produce a broad group of zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. In fact, Bartonella henselae is the main causal agent of cat scratch disease (CSD), and several other syndromes in humans. Furthermore, cats and dogs can be a source of many zoonotic diseases for human being. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Bartonella henselae, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. Berkhoffii and Bartonella clarridgeiae in stray cats and dogs in Morocco, and assess the potential risk factors for feline and canine infections. Methods & Materials: As a matter of fact, blood samples of 130 cats and 158 dogs were collected from the West region of Morocco including Kenitra, Rabat, Temara, Casablanca, Settat, and Eljadida areas. Later on, DNA was extracted and tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting a fragment of the intergenic transcribed sequence (ITS) with specific primers. Then, positive samples were confirmed by PCR using the FtsZ gene. Last but not least, the PCR products were sequenced to identify Bartonella species. Results: As a result, Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae were detected in 30% (39/130) of stray cats. However, none of the dogs’ samples were tested positive in the PCR assays. It is worth to note that female gender and exposure to fleas were statistically associated with the infection. Conclusion: After reviewing all scientific studies conducted in Morocco and related to the vector borne diseases field, it is confirmed that this is the first study of its kind in Morocco, which examines blood of stray dogs and cats using molecular techniques. What is more, we should highlight the importance of the feline and canine population as a source of zoonotic agents and potential infection risk to humans.