Abstract
BackgroundEchinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease infecting humans and a wide range of mammalian species including cattle. Currently, little information is available on the genetic diversity of Echinococcus species among livestock in Sudan. In the present study, fifty (n = 50) hydatid cysts were collected from cattle carcasses (one cyst sample per animal) at Al-kadarou slaughterhouse, Khartoum North, Sudan. DNA was extracted from protoscolices and the germinal layer of each cyst and subsequently amplified by PCR targeting the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH-1) gene. The amplified PCR products were purified and subjected to direct sequencing for subsequent construction of phylogenetic tree and net work analysis.ResultsThe phylogenetic tree revealed the presence of Echinococcus canadenesis genotype 6 (G6) in 44 cysts (88.0%), Echinococcus ortleppi genotype 5 (G5) in 4 cysts (8.0%) and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s) genotype 1 (G1) in 2 cysts (4.0%). The phylogenetic network analysis revealed genetic variation among the different haplotypes/genotypes. This report has provided, for the first time, an insight of the role of cattle in the transmission of the zoonotic G1 echinococosis.ConclusionsThe results of the study illustrate that Sudanese breeds of cattle may play an important role in the transmission dynamics and the epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in Sudan. This study reports the first molecular identification of E. granulosus s.s. in cattle in Central Sudan.
Highlights
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease infecting humans and a wide range of mammalian species including cattle
All fifty DNA samples were amplified by PCR and generated a fragment of 435 bp of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH-1) gene
The present investigation indicated that at least three different genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. are actively circulating in cattle in Sudan as illustrated by the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1) and phylogenetic network analyses (Fig. 2)
Summary
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease infecting humans and a wide range of mammalian species including cattle. Little information is available on the genetic diversity of Echinococcus species among livestock in Sudan. DNA was extracted from protoscolices and the germinal layer of each cyst and subsequently amplified by PCR targeting the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH-1) gene. The amplified PCR products were purified and subjected to direct sequencing for subsequent construction of phylogenetic tree and net work analysis. The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) causes CE in humans and a wide range of mammalian species. The life cycle involves the ingestion of parasite eggs by an intermediate host belonging to wildlife and domestic livestock species, including cattle. It is estimated that CE results in economic losses in the livestock sector due to morbidity
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