First line treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with a novel protocol in patients with contraindications to systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents: Preliminary retrospective study with a seven year follow-up

Abstract

BackgroundConventional therapy for pemphigus vulgaris (PV) consists of high-dose systemic corticosteroids (CS) and immunosuppressive agents (ISA). This combination may be ineffective, cause serious adverse events or relapses in some patients. ObjectiveTo determine if the combination of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy and rituximab (RTX) can be used as first-line therapy in PV patients in whom systemic CS and ISA are contraindicated and evaluate its ability to produce long-term sustained remissions. MethodThis a retrospective study of five male and five female patients (mean age 47.87years). RTX was administered once weekly for eight consecutive weeks, followed by once monthly for four months (dose 375mg/m2). Since CD20+ B cells were undetectable, IVIg was infused until they reached normal levels (dose 2g/kg/cycle). IVIg was then continued according to published protocol. ResultsInitial clinical response and complete disease resolution occurred in a mean of 3.2weeks and 7.4weeks, respectively. Mean duration of rituximab therapy was 6.09months and 33.7months for IVIg therapy. Mean duration of follow-up after the last dose of rituximab was 86.08months, during which all patients remained in complete remission. Mean length of total follow-up was 103.99months. No relapses, infections, or hospitalizations were reported. ConclusionsWhen systemic CS and ISA are contraindicated in PV patients, combination RTX and IVIg therapy can produce a prolonged, sustained remission without additional systemic therapy. This positive clinical outcome could be the consequence of pathogenic B cell depletion and restoration of immune regulation.