Abstract
The aim of our study was to provide a first overview of the population genetic structure of the invasive Chinese sleeper,Perccottus glenii, (Actinopterygii: Odontobutidae) in European water bodies. This species originates from inland waters of north-eastern China, northern North Korea and the Russian Far East. The 1172 bp long portion of the cytochrome b gene was sequenced from Chinese sleeper specimens collected from a variety of water bodies in Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia (European part) and Ukraine. Our study revealed that the invasive Chinese sleeper in Europe consists of at least three distinct haplogroups that may represent independent introduction events from different parts of its native area; i.e. three founding populations: (1) Baltic haplogroup that may originate either from fish introduced inadvertent from Russia or from some unidentified source (release by aquarists). So far, this haplogroup has been found only in the Daugava basin in Latvia. (2) East-European haplogroup that may originate from an unintentional introduction to the Volga basin in Russia and has expanded westward. So far, this group was recorded in the Volga, Upper Dnieper and Neman drainages in Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia. (3) Carpathian haplogroup, that originated from individuals unintentionally introduced with Asian cyprinid fishes to Lviv region in Ukraine and are now widely distributed in Central Europe.
Highlights
Inland fisheries and fish farming are commercially important activities in many countries, but the associated risk management is usually less rigid than is the case with other taxa (Copp et al 2005)
Total DNA was extracted from 261 individuals collected on 26 sampling sites in Central (Germany, Poland, Hungary) and Eastern Europe (Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and Bulgaria) (Fig. 1A, B, Table 1), from a piece of a fin tissue, with the Chelex (Casquet et al 2012) or standard phenol-chloroform (Hillis et al 1996) procedures
The 1172 bp long portion of cytochrome b gene was sequenced from 261 Chinese sleeper individuals collected from a variety of water bodies in Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia (European part) and Ukraine (Table 1, Suppl. material 1: Table S1)
Summary
Inland fisheries and fish farming are commercially important activities in many countries, but the associated risk management (such as quarantine control) is usually less rigid than is the case with other taxa (Copp et al 2005). The negative influence of alien species on endemic fauna includes predation, food and spatial competition, hybridization, the spread of parasites and pathogens, and modification of food chains (Leunda 2010; Cucherousset and Olden 2011). The native range of the Chinese sleeper encompasses inland waters of north-eastern China, northern North Korea and the Russian Far East, including the middle and lower stretches of the River Amur with the tributaries Zeya, Sungari, Ussuri as well as the Lake Khanka basin and drainages of the rivers Gou, Liaohe, Never, and Yalu (China, North Korea) (Mori 1936; Bogutskaya and Naseka 2002; Miller and Vasil’eva 2003; Kottelat and Freyhof 2007; Bogutskaya et al 2008; Reshetnikov 2010). During the 1920s, the Chinese sleeper invaded many water bodies around Saint Petersburg (Kuderskiy 1982) and in the 1950s it was recorded in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea (Dmitriev 1971)
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