Abstract
We present the results of the first in-beam studies of a medium size (10 × 10 cm2) Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL): a single-sided THGEM coupled to a pad anode through a resistive layer of high bulk resistivity (∼109Ωcm). The 6.2 mm thick (excluding readout electronics) single-stage detector was studied with 150 GeV muons and pions. Signals were recorded from 1×1 cm2 square copper pads with APV25-SRS readout electronics. The single-element detector was operated in Ne/(5%CH4) at a gas gain of a few times 104, reaching 99% detection efficiency at average pad multiplicity of ∼1.2. Operation at particle fluxes up to ∼104 Hz/cm2 resulted in ∼23% gain drop leading to ∼5% efficiency loss. The striking feature was the discharge-free operation, also in intense pion beams. These results pave the way towards robust, efficient large-scale detectors for applications requiring economic solutions at moderate spatial and energy resolutions.
Highlights
High detection efficiency at low average pad multiplicity (∼ 1.21) were demonstrated as well as stable operation over time
High detection efficiency (greater than 99%) at low average pad multiplicity (∼ 1.21) were demonstrated as well as stable operation over time
Other resistive materials as well as different gas mixtures may be considered
Summary
2.1 The RPWELL detector The THGEM electrode used in this work was 10 × 10 cm in size, manufactured by 0.5 mm diameter hole-drilling in a 0.8 mm thick FR4 plate, copper-clad on one side only. The APV25 chip [40], originally designed for the silicon tracking detectors in CMS, has high rate capability and low noise It was operated with a 75 ns shaping time. As shown in [31, 32] the rise-time of a typical signal of singlesided THGEM detectors in a WELL configuration is ∼ 1–2 μs It comprises a fast component (up to 100 ns in Ne/(5%CH4)) and a slow one arising from the motion of avalanche ions inside the hole; the latter carries typically about 80% of the total amplitude. Since the APV25 was operated with 75 ns shaping time, less than 20% of the total induced signal was collected, requiring the operation of the detector with gas gains of the order of 104. This effective gain, estimated from the Landau MPV (section 2.1), is roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the gas gain
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